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was used. The first ever demonstration of the technology was in California, which proved to be very successful. Currently the geothermal plant in Iceland and the steel mill waste heat power plant in Japan are still running. Kalina Cycle Companies The companies involved in this technology have gone through various mergers and acquisitions so that today there is currently only one company with technological rights to the Kalina Cycle. Global Geothermal was created in 2007 and now owns all those rights as well as the over 200 international patents associated with the proprietary technology. They are a licensing company and sell the rights to the technology to companies wishing to use it in power plants or other applications. The following is a more detailed look at the companies that made up Global Geothermal and some of the current companies who are licensing the technology. Original Company: Exergy In 1992, Exergy, the company founded by the inventor of the Kalina Cycle, Aleksandr Kalina, saw the first Kalina Combined Cycle power plant start running at Canoga Park, CA. The 6.5 MW Canoga Park power plant was built as a demonstration plant to show that the technology is commercially viable. The plant ran up until 1997 and was deemed a success, as much useful data was gathered showing that the Kalina Cycle is an efficient way of generating power. Run as both a waste heat power plant and as a combined cycle power plant, it was designed to be tested at extreme conditions. In total it logged about 9,000 hours of operation over its five year life span, which corresponds to about 21% availability. [2] In 1997 Exergy teamed up with Ebara Corporation, a Japanese company that specialized in advanced industrial systems, to build another demonstration plant in Fukuoka, Japan. [3] This demonstration was a 4.5 MW waste-to-energy plant that ran from 1998-1999 and was again seen as a success. In 1998 another project in Japan was begun at the Sumitomo Metals Kashima Steelworks in Kashima, Japan as a waste heat recovery application. This was the first commercially installed Kalina Cycle power plant and it currently is still running. The 3.4 MW plant has had great availability and runs off 208oF (98oC) hot water. Combining of Licensees It is not very clear how all the mergers and acquisitions worked out and who all the parent companies are that own the companies with the rights to the Kalina Cycle, but an attempt will be made to shed a little light on where this industry has come from and where it is now. Recurrent Engineering Recurrent Engineering became a global licensee in 2002. They owned by Wasabi Energy. Not much is available as too what they did with the technology from 2002 to 2007, but in 2007 Global Geothermal was created to buy up Recurrent Engineering and Exergy and to consolidate other companies licensed to use the Kalina Cycle worldwide. Wasabi had 69PDF Image | Optimizing Heat Recovery Systems for Power Generation in Rural AK
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