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Recurrent Engineering to use Kalina technology in waste heat projects in both the US and Europe, primarily in the cement industry. Siemens A well known Germany engineering firm, Siemens purchases Kalina Cycle license rights in 2000 and is able to use them for geothermal power projects in Germany, up to a total of 10 MW in size. Even before it gained the rights to the technology, Siemens has been evaluating and testing it. They have been working with Recurrent Engineering to complete the construction of the first Kalina power plant in Europe. The 3 MW plant was completed in December 2007 as a binary geothermal project built as a turn-key project for the City of Unterhaching, Germany. Siemens will provide long term O&M for the plant. The plant was expected to go through commissioning and acceptance testing during the first quarter of 2008 and come online in mid-June 2008. It is expected to have a lifetime of 30-plus years. Siemens is looking to add more plants in the next decade and currently has two more contracts for turn-key power plants in Germany. Other Companies Related to Kalina Cycle There are a few companies that do not fit nicely into the above breakdown but that are either using Kalina Cycle Technology or something very similar. They are discussed below. Energy Concepts Energy Concepts is a Maryland based engineering company that focuses on heat- activated absorption systems and the associated fluid contact equipment. The Absorption Cycle was invented by Ferdinand Carre in 1846. The idea is to take heat out of a system by running a cycle that uses a heat input. When ammonia is absorbed in water the vapor pressure decreases, and so according to the laws of thermodynamics, the temperature will drop also, ceterus paribus. The absorption cycle has the benefits of requiring little electric input and using natural substances, ammonia and water, instead of halocarbons. Although this in not a true Kalina Cycle, it takes advantage of the properties of the binary fluid made of ammonia and water. Energy Concepts has a way of also using this cycle to convert exhaust heat from prime movers to electric power. The Heat Activated Dual Function Absorption Cycle is capable of taking a heat source ranging from 250°F to 750°F to and converting it to electric power, refrigeration and/or air conditioning. According to the company website when using the Absorption Cycle a 1 MWe gas turbine with an exhaust temperature of 750°F can produce 400 kW. They claim this cycle works well with distributed power generators sized from 1 to 15 MWe. Rexorce An Ohio based thermal energy company, Rexorce is looking to find ways to better harness existing thermal resources and also to recover waste heat and use it in an efficient manner. They have developed a thermal engine, Thermafficient, which is designed to recover thermal energy from a range of sources and convert it into electric power, cooling and heating. Rexorce’s engine uses supercritical CO2 and other working fluids for their power generating cycle. This binary fluid cycle has many of the same benefits as that of the Kalina Cycle. According to information from a company contact, they are working on 71PDF Image | Optimizing Heat Recovery Systems for Power Generation in Rural AK
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