PROPOSED HYBRID GEOTHERMAL - NATURAL GAS - BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEM

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PROPOSED HYBRID GEOTHERMAL - NATURAL GAS - BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEM ( proposed-hybrid-geothermal-natural-gas-biomass-energy-system )

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the price of delivered end-product, a 50% reduction in the geothermal wellhead mass flow rate only increases the LCOE about 10% which may still be considered viable given the environmental benefits. Implementation of the proposed systems results in a 13%-15% reduction of CO2 output, while increasing the LCOE of Cornell energy system by only 0.72- 0.81₵ /kWhe. Both heat cascading in greenhouses and load splitting between EGS and biomass boiler support lower investment costs and contribute to higher energy utilization. Further efficiency improvements can be achieved by retrofitting low-temperature space heating systems into the campus buildings. All new buildings should be designed to use such space heating systems as well. The possibilities for integration of hybrid geothermal-biomass systems are not limited to the two presented scenarios. Our future research will focus on providing heat from renewable sources to the whole campus, either by supplementing or substituting the existing CHP plant. We will also consider generating torrefied biomass on campus by using waste heat from the CHP plant. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are graciously thankful for the financial support provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (contracts #DE-EE0002745 and #DE-EE0002852) and the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future. We would also like to express our great appreciation to the researchers at our partner institutions involved in these projects: West Virginia University, Iowa State University, and Southern Methodist University. The authors are also grateful to Cornell Sustainable Energy Team Manager, Mr. Edward Wilson and Energy Management Director, Mr. W. S. “Lanny” Joyce, for their help during the development of this project. REFERENCES Beckers, K. F., Lukawski, M. Z., Reber, T. J., Anderson, B. J., Moore, M. C., and Tester, J. W. (2013), “Introducing Geophires V1.0: Software Package for Estimating Levelized Cost of Electricity and/or Heat from Enhanced Geothermal Systems”, Proceedings, Thirty- Eighth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, CA Bergman, P. C., Boersma, A. R., Zwart, R.W., Kiel, J. H. (2005), “Torrefaction for biomass co-firing in existing coal-fired power stations”, ECN Biomass, SenterNovem project no. 2020-02-12- 14-001, Netherlands, 71p. Boyd, T., Rafferty, K. (2008), “Geothermal Greenhouse Information Package”, at Figure 6: Sensitivity of the levelized cost of electricity in the ‘DH’ scenario to geothermal well productivity. CONCLUSIONS A transition of our supply systems to renewable sources is not an easy task, no matter whether performed at a scale of a small community or of the whole country. Approximately one fourth of the energy used in the U.S. is delivered to end-users as heat at temperatures below 150° C. This energy is a low-hanging fruit for the use of low-temperature renewable resources such as geothermal energy. The fossil fuels used to provide heat can be substituted for more easily and affordably than those used in electricity generation and transportation sectors. We analyzed the viability of covering the heat demand of a fraction of the Cornell University campus with two of the most available and potentially economically feasible energy sources in the Northeast: low-temperature geothermal and biomass. The analyzed system is isolated from the existing Cornell CHP power plant, so it can also be potentially implemented in other communities. In the existing market of low natural gas prices it is difficult for low-grade geothermal district heating systems to replace the already 80% efficient gas-fired combined cycle CHP plant on a purely economic basis. However, the proposed EGS achieve acceptable economic performance and provide buffer from the price volatility of fossil fuels. They can be economically superior to many other energy sources including decentralized coal and oil boilers. The advantage of hybrid geothermal-biomass systems would be the highest in locations where district heating systems are fueled by fossil fuel boilers. Hybrid geothermal-biomass district heating systems have a significant advantage over combined cycle CHP plants in terms of CO2 emissions.

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