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Chapter 2 General Considerations Relative to the Use of Radial Compressor 2.1 Introduction Table 2.1 contrasts some generic attributes of radial and axial compressors, as abstracted from Ref. [2-1] through [2-10]. While axial machines would appear to have an overall advantage under steady-state full power conditions, it is primarily our concern with off-normal behavior which justifies serious consideration of radial compressors. The degree of desirability, or indeed necessity, for making radial compressors the reference design will not be evident until system dynamics calculations have been completed and analyzed, currently scheduled by December 2006. In addition to the conventionally-derived assessment attributes, which are based on near-ideal-gas conditions, it must be stressed that the main compressor operates near the critical point of CO2, and is in many ways more of a pump than a compressor. This issue will be discussed in more detail in this chapter, but it must be conceded that this regime has not been thoroughly explored by turbomachinery designers, and laboratory tests of such devices must be given a high priority. Table 2.1 Generalizations Regarding Compressor Attributes Radial (Centrifugal) Approximates constant head, variable flow behavior (see Fig. 2.1) Best suited for lower flow rate, higher pressure ratio applications Fewer stages, shorter Larger diameter; but can scale down to lower power (vanes and volute increase diameter—see Fig. 2.2) Lower efficiency by up to ≈4% in general (hence ≈ 1% lower S-CO2 PCS overall efficiency) Easier to maintain critical clearance Wider operating range between stall and surge (stall not important) Analytical/numerical modeling not as advanced; more art and empiricism involved in design More rugged; can tolerate some condensation Axial Approximates constant flow, variable head Best suited for higher flow rate, moderate pressure ratio applications More stages, longer Smaller diameter but large flow area; diffuser adds length Higher efficiency, especially if shrouded Radial clearances strongly affect efficiency; shrouding beneficial Stall and surge are important limits Strong (ideal gas) modeling background: e.g. via jet engine design Need to avoid droplets 3PDF Image | Radial Compressor Options for Supercritical CO2 Power Conversion Cycles
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