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Chapter 5 Radial Turbine Assessment 5.1 Introduction Although there appear to be considerably fewer obvious incentives for substituting a radial turbine for our reference axial design, a brief evaluation was carried out. One motivating factor was that, if radial machines are specified for the compressors, a radial turbine might be more compatible if (as in the reference choice) a single shaft layout is specified. 5.2 Radial Turbine Characteristics The efficiency of a radial turbine has been estimated. For a single stage radial turbine, the efficiency is estimated as 0.85, due to the relatively low specific speed (which is 0.32). A two-stage design gives an efficiency of 0.9. Both of these values are significantly less than the efficiency of the current axial design. The key characteristics of the radial turbines are as follows. Table 5.1 Design of Radial Turbines and Comparison to the Axial Turbine 1 radial stage 2 radial stages 4 axial stages Efficiency Rotor tip diameter [m] 0.85 2.2** 0.90 1.4** 0.95* 1.25 Specific speed 0.32 0.54 Not Relevant * With a diffuser at its exit. The pressure recovery is 0.7. ** The diameter of a stage is about 2 times the diameter of the rotor, to allow for a radial diffuser and volute. Our results are consistent with a Barber Nichols preliminary design value of 1.9 m rotor diameter for a single stage turbine cited at the previously noted 8/31/05 industrial review meeting. The large diameter and low efficiency of the one-stage radial turbine rule out its use in the present application: for example, a 5% reduction in turbine efficiency results in about 2% lower overall cycle efficiency. The preference for an axial machine is clear. 5.3 Conclusions and Recommendations Unless future cycle transient studies, which will include mixing radial compressors with an axial turbine, contraindicate, we recommend dropping the radial turbine option. Since the turbine operates in a near-ideal-gas range of pressures and temperatures, it is not likely that our scoping studies and intercomparisons are in any appreciable error. 33PDF Image | Radial Compressor Options for Supercritical CO2 Power Conversion Cycles
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