PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 014
3976 B.F. Tchanche et al. / Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (2011) 3963–3979 mal operation of the cycle as shown by Drescher and Bruggemann [164]. The condensation heat is used to produce hot water at a tem- perature between 80 and 120 ◦ C suitable for district heating and other thermal processes such as wood drying and sorption cooling. Biomass ORC CHP plants at medium scale (100–1500 kW) have been successfully demonstrated and are now commercially avail- able [19] while small scale systems of few kW are still under development. The number of installed plants is rapidly increas- ing as the technology is becoming mature and cost effective. Till now, most of installations are in Europe, and Stadtwarme Lienz Austria (1000 kWe), Sauerlach Bavaria (700 kWe), Toblach South Tyrol (1100 kWe), and Fuach Austria (1500 kWe) are just few of them. Although at least a hundred plants have been installed through- out the world, technical data on existing plants are very scarce. Evaluations reports were released for two demonstration plants in Austria [165,166]: Admont CHP plant (400kWe) and Lienz (1000kWe). The biomass CHP plant in Lienz supplies the town of Lienz with district heat (60,000MWh/year) and feeds the electricity produced (7200MWh/year) into the grid. The plant was fully automatic, and presented excellent part load oper- ation with and electrical efficiency of 18%. The overall plant efficiency amounts to 82%. Specific installation cost was estimated at about 2765 D/kWe and electricity production costs in the range 9–14 cD/kWhe depending on the fuel price and capacity utilization. 3. Conclusion The paper presented a review of organic Rankine cycle appli- cations. These applications include solar thermal electricity, solar thermal driven reverse osmosis desalination (Solar ORC-RO), Duplex-Rankine cooling, solar pond power systems, ocean ther- mal energy conversion (OTEC), biomass combined heat and power plants (CHP), binary geothermal systems and low-grade waste heat recycling (ORC-WHR) from thermal devices and processes. Rankine cooling systems are almost abandoned with preference to sorption cooling systems which require less moving parts and use more environmentally friendly substances. Solar ORC-RO is still at the research stage. Modular solar thermal and solar pond power plants although proven, are not yet widely adopted. OTEC is intensely investigated as future major technology for isolated islands with favorable seawater thermodynamic characteristics. Biomass and binary geothermal CHP are already mature. ORC-WHR is the fastest growing business among ORC solutions, with great potential in industry and combined cycle power plants. Environmental concern over climate change and rising oil prices are reasons supporting the explosive growth of this efficient, clean and reliable way of producing electricity. References [1] www.orcycle.be [last checked May 2011]. [2] Wali E. Optimum working fluids for solar powered Rankine cycle cooling of buildings. Solar Energy 1980;25:235–41. [3] Papadopoulos AI, Stijepovic M, Linke P. On the systematic design and selec- tion of optimal working fluids for organic Rankine cycles. Applied Thermal Engineering 2010;30:760–9. [4] Badr O, Probert SD, O’Callaghan PW. Selecting a working fluid for a Rankine- cycle engine. Applied Energy 1985;21:1–42. [5] Badr O, O’Callaghan PW, Probert SD. Thermodynamic and thermophysi- cal properties of organic working fluids for Rankine-cycle engines. Applied Energy 1985;19:1–40. [6] Lee MJ, Tien DL, Shao CT. Thermophysical capability of ozone-safe working fluids for an organic rankine cycle system. Heat Recovery Systems and CHP 1993;13:409–18. [7] Bruno JC, Lpez-Villada J, Letelier E, Romera S, Coronas A. Modelling and optimisation of solar organic rankine cycle engines for reverse osmosis desali- nation. Applied Thermal Engineering 2008;28:2212–26. [8] AngelinoG,ColonnadiPalianoP.Multicomponentworkingfluidsfororganic rankine cycles (ORCs). Energy 1998;23:449–63. [9] Maizza V, Maizza A. Unconventional working fluids in organic Rankine- cycles for waste energy recovery systems. Applied Thermal Engineering 2001;21:381–90. [10] Borsukiewicz-Gozdur A, Nowak W. Comparative analysis of natural and syn- thetic refrigerants in application to low temperature Clausius-Rankine cycle. Energy 2007;32:344–52. [11] TchancheBF,QuoilinS,DeclayeS,PapadakisG,LemortV.EconomicOptimiza- tion of Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycles. In: 23rd International conference on efficiency, cost, optimization, simulation and environmental impact of energy systems (ECOS), Lausanne, Switzerland, June 14–17, 2010. Fig. 15. Schematic of a biomass power plant [165].PDF Image | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15
PDF Search Title:
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15Original File Name Searched:
science295.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |