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circulating fluidised bed (CFB) technology started in early 70’s. Finnish boiler suppliers Foster Wheeler and Kvaerner are among the leading companies in the world. Fluidised bed combustion has mainly been used in recent CHP plants with the exception of a few small (<3 MWe) plants. Also a number of old grate-fired boilers or recovery boilers have been converted to fluidised bed boilers. The BFB boiler type is considered to be a better option for small-scale plants due to its simplifier construction and therefore lower investment. The new enhanced CFB technologies, Foster Wheeler Compact and Kvaerner Cymic offer an alternative for low-grade fuels and different wastes. In Finland, however, the Kuhmo power plant is the only small scale biomass CHP plant utilizing a CFB boiler. 1.2.3 Gasification Gasification technologies for biomass CHP production have been researched intensively. However, few of these have been demonstrated in the small scale. A pilot plant of 6 MWe demonstrating IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) technology has been built in Värnamo, Sweden, but it is currently out of operation. Generally IGCC technology is more suitable in larger scale (over 50 MWe) due to the complexity of the plant and therefore high specific investment costs. Entimos Oy has built a pilot plant and first commercial application of their patented biomass gasifier in the town of Tervola. There are some problems left but the concept looks promising. The Tervola plant is described in more detail in chapter 4.1. A detailed analysis of gasification technologies was not included in the scope of this study. OPET Finland has published earlier review of gasification technology in Finland. An estimation of the suitability of different gasification technologies for different power plant sizes is presented in figure 1. 9PDF Image | Small-scale biomass CHP Finland Denmark and Sweden
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