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Table 5. Comparison of recent small scale biomass CHP plants in Finland. Power plant Power Heat Overall Power- Startup Invest- output output eff. to-heat year ment MWe MWdh ratio cost MEUR Estimation of the power plant α * invest- technically Average Tot.eff.1 ment up-to-date3 grade4 factor2 Tervola Kiuruvesi Karstula Kuhmo Kuusamo Kankaanpää Lieksa Iisalmi Forssa Kokkola 0,47 1,13 0,9 6 1 10 4,8 12,9 6,1 17,6 6 17 8 22 14,7 30 17,2 48 20 50 0,815 0,42 2002 1,3 0,852 0,15 1999 5,0 0,850 0,10 2000 4,7 0,881 0,37 1992 12,4 0,860 0,35 1993 8,4 0,885 0,35 1992 8,1 0,885 0,36 1994 10,1 0,931 0,49 2002 21,0 0,909 0,36 1996 17,1 0,890 0,40 2002 26,9 0,34 0,53 3 2,3 0,13 0,56 1,5 1,5 0,09 0,35 2,5 1,8 0,33 0,47 1 1,7 0,30 0,24 0,5 1,8 0,31 0,24 1 2,0 0,32 0,23 0,5 1,8 0,46 0,30 2,5 2,8 0,33 0,18 2 2,3 0,36 0,26 2,5 2,5 1 Calculated as (Power to heat -ratio) x (Total efficiency) 2 Calculated as (Total investment) / (2.5 x Power production + 1.1 x Heat production). The coefficients for power and heat are derived from the mean efficiencies of condensing power plant and heat distribution central respectively. 3 Estimated on the basis of start up year (1990-94 : 1 point, 1995-1999 : 2 points, 2000 → : 3 points), the boiler technology (fluidized bed is the state-of-art technology, grate -0.5 points) and used fuels (is also peat used -0.5 points). Also flue gas condensing is seen as an advantage (+0.5 points). 4 Average state-of-the-art grade for the power plant from 1 (fair) to 3 (very good). The α x Tot.eff. is graded from 1-3 , so that the α x Tot.eff ratio of 0.20-0.39 is 1 point, 0.30-0.40 gives 2 points and >40 gives 3 points. The investment factor is transferred into grades so that the factor <0.39 gives 3 points, 0.40-0.55 gives 2 points and >0.55 gives 1 point. As a conclusion, in the smallest scale with electric power near 1 MW, the Tervola power plant is the most interesting case. The problem with the other plants in this size class is the very low power-to-heat ratio, due to low steam values and the use of a cylindral steam engine instead of steam turbine. However, the Tervola plant is the first commercial application of the Entimos gasifier and there still are some unsolved problems (see chapter 4.1). In the 5 – 10 MW scale, all the Finnish recent CHP plants are relatively old and they get average grades with the grading system applied here. In the larger 10 – 20 MW scale, the new Iisalmi power plant receives the highest grades (investment cost not taken into account). 26PDF Image | Small-scale biomass CHP Finland Denmark and Sweden
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