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5. Summary of the situation in Finland Several small scale CHP plants using biomass have been built in Finland during the last ten years. The majority of these plants are based on the conventional rankine process where superheated steam from the boiler is led to a high speed back-pressure steam turbine running a generator through a reduction gear. The only exceptions are the smallest plants with electric powers between 0.5 – 1 MWe. The 0.5 MWe Tervola plant is based on biomass gasification where the biogas is burned in a gas engine. The Karstula and Kiuruvesi plants (0.9 – 1.0 MWe) utilize a grate boiler and a steam engine instead of a steam turbine for power production. All the other plants examined, with capacities between 4.8 – 20 MWe, use a fluidised bed boiler to produce superheated steam and a conventional back pressure steam turbine for power production. Many of the plants described in this report use also peat as fuel. In Lieksa and Kokkola, peat is the main fuel while the wood based biofuels only possess a minor share between 0 – 30% of the fuels used. However, it is technically possible to increase the share of wood based fuels up to 70% in these plants, but the availability and price of biofuels within the economic transportation distance from the plants restrict the possibilities to increase their share. In the larger scale, the new Iisalmi plant receives the highest grades and should be examined in more detail. The most interesting case for further research in the smallest size class is the Entimos power plant based on biomass gasification and a gas engine. The benefit of this concept is the high power-to-heat ratio. The Entimos power plant still has some unsolved problems. No CHP plants have been built recently in the scale of 2 – 4 MWe in Finland. The first full-size small-scale CHP plant based on Novel fixed-bed gasification will be constructed at the plant in 2004. The plant will be equipped with a complete gas- cleaning train consisting of a gas reformer, filter and acid/base scrubber for residual nitrogen compounds removal. Three 0.6 MWe Jenbacher engines will be installed for power production and a gas boiler for heat recovery. The Novel gasifier, developed by Condens Oy and VTT, is a new type of fixed-bed gasifier based on forced fuel flow, which also makes it suitable for low-bulk-density fibrous biomass fuels. The gasifier can be operated with a wide range of biomass residues with moisture content from 0 to 55% and a particle size from sawdust to large chips.The main process alternatives available would be a grate boiler or a small BFB boiler with a small steam turbine. 43PDF Image | Small-scale biomass CHP Finland Denmark and Sweden
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