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6. Biomass CHP plants in Sweden 6.1 CHP production in Sweden Sweden has a well-developed district heating network with only a small share of combined heat and power (CHP) plants. In the year 2000 the contribution of the district heat coming from the CHP plants was about 10 % of the total 41 TWh district heat production [Fjärrvärmeföreningen, 2000]. For example, in Finland the same share has been about 80 % [Finnish District Heating Association, 1998]. Major reason for the low share of the CHP plants in Sweden has been the large amount of nuclear and hydropower available. The CHP plants had about 7 % share of the Swedish electricity production in the year 2001 [Swedish National Energy Administration, 2001a]. From this share about 5.5 TWhe came from the CHP plants connected to the district heating networks and 4.5 TWhe from the industrial CHP plants. According to a forecast made by the Swedish National Energy Administration, 8 % of the electricity in Sweden would be produced with the CHP plants in the 2010 [Swedish National Energy Administration, 2001a]. The amount of electricity coming from the district heating CHP plants would then be 7.0 TWhe and the amount coming from the industrial CHP plants 4.9 TWhe. Most of the CHP production in Sweden is large-scale cogeneration from condensing power plants. However, some small-scale CHP units exist [Ambiente Italia et al, 2001]: • Units for the emergency supply of electricity (e.g. in hospitals or in some research centers). • Plants using landfill gas for the CHP production, or plants is other sites, where the fuel costs are low. The technologies used in these plants are usually gas motors or diesel engines. • Small industrial CHP units (e.g. in saw mills and in the paper industry), which generate electricity and heat for the internal use in order to reduce the need of the external electricity purchase. During the last ten years most of the micro-scale power plants producing less than 1 MWe were built for technology demonstration and research purposes. Some goals and developments of the currently ongoing research projects on micro-scale CHP plants can be summarized as follows: [Salomón, 2002] • The Swedish government focuses on the use of biofuels for combined heat and power production. 46PDF Image | Small-scale biomass CHP Finland Denmark and Sweden
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