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• There are research and development projects, especially in the car industry, on fuel cells and Stirling engines. These techniques would be used in combination with gas from combustion processes. • Microturbines are being developed. There is a completely new technology for microturbines manufactured by Turbec in Malmö (owned by ABB and Volvo) and Sydkraft. The turbine has a power of about 100 kWe and can be used for cars and combined heat and electricity production for small residential areas. • Evaporative gas turbine is developed at Lund Tekniska Högskolan. Currently, applications of micro-scale CHP plants are limited to emergency supply of electricity and to landfill gas applications. Moreover, the small-scale CHP has to compete with larger plants in the investment and operation costs. To make the small- scale CHP more feasible, the Swedish government is giving investment subsidies for the CHP investments and tax reliefs for biomass fuels. [Salomón, 2002] 6.2 Biomass potential and fuel prices in Sweden The current use of biomass (including peat) for energy supply in Sweden is approximately 97 TWh/year [Swedish National Energy Administration, 2000a] and may be increased to 200 TWh/year by the year 2015 [Börjesson, 1998]. Biomass fuels are mainly used in the forest product industry, district heating plants, single-houses, and for electricity production. For the last category, it is estimated that about 22 TWhe electricity in a year could be produced in biomass-based CHP plants [Börjesson, 1998] compared to the present 8.5 TWhe/year [Swedish National Energy Administration, 2000a]. Currently about 26.8 TWh of the district heat is produced with biofuels in Sweden. From these biofuels about 56 % is wood fuels. Prices for biofuels used in the CHP plants in the third quarter of the year 2001 are presented in Table 6. Table 6. Biofuel prices in Sweden excluding taxes on the third quarter of the 2001 [Swedish National Energy Administration, 2001b] Fuel EUR/MWh Wood Fuels Peat Pellets and briquettes 16.4 Wood chips 12.0 Byproducts from forest industry 10.6 Waste wood from construction industry 7.4 Scrap peat Milled peat 13.3 12.6 47PDF Image | Small-scale biomass CHP Finland Denmark and Sweden
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