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electricity production (38 MWe) of Växjö was out of the range of this study. With the used parameters also Hudiksvall, Kristianstad, Malå, Falun, Lycksele, Sala, Tranås, Karlstad and Nässjö were evaluated as good state-of-the-art power plants. It must be noticed though that the evaluation parameters may be argued and that the evaluations are never fully objective. Especially the smaller plants might have suffered in the evaluation because of their smaller power output and thus from their lower efficiencies. Table 9. Comparison of the most up-to-date biomass CHP plants (1-20 MWe) producing district heat [Wahlund et al., 2000; Härnösand, 2002; Wärtsilä, 2002; Sala, 2002] Power Power Heat Total Power- plant output output eff. to-heat Start Invest- Estimation of the power plant up ment αx Invest- Technically Avera- MWe MW 8 22+86 2.05 9 13 36 11.7 26+76 Malå 3 10 Nässjö 9 20+66 Sala 10 22 Tranås 1.6 8.3+2.76 ratio α year cost MEUR Tot.eff.2 ment up-to-date factor 3 4 0.39 0.34 1.5 0.18 0.50 0 0.30 0.19 0 0.48 0.27 3.5 0.39 0.55 1.5 0.34 0.44 1 0.23 0.70 2 0.43 - 3 ge grade5 2=good 1=fair 2=good 3=very good 2=good 2=good 1=fair 3=very good7 2=good 2=good Falun Hallsberg1 Hudiksvall Härnösand Karlstad Kristian 13.5 35 -stad Lomma 3.5 14 Lycksele 14 28 1.09 0.36 1993 18 0.80 0.23 1987 7.5 0.82 0.36 1992 13.5 1.06 0.45 2002 17.4 1.08 0.36 1992 73 0.87 0.39 1994 31.5 0.93 0.25 1995 16.9 0.84 0.51 2001 - 0.85 0.30 1991 7.1 1.00 0.45 1990 16.9 0.89 0.45 2000 - 1.04 0.19 2002 - 20 55+206 0.26 0.38 1 0.45 0.33 1.5 0.40 - 3 2.5 =good7 0.20 - 3.5 2 Växjö 38 66 0.87 0.5 1997 50 0.44 0.30 2.5 =good7 3=very good 1 Currently out of operation. 2 Calculated as (Power-to-heat ratio) x (Total efficiency) 3 Calculated as (Total investment) / (2.5 x Power production + 1.1 x Heat production). The coefficients for power and heat are derived from the mean efficiencies of condensing power plant and heat distribution central respectively. 4 Estimated on the basis of the start up year (1990-94 : 1 point, 1995-1999 : 2 points, 2000 → : 3 points), the boiler technology (fluidised bed or bio grate is the state-of-art technology, otherwise grate -0.5 points) and used fuels (is also peat used -0.5 points). Also the flue gas condensing is seen as an advantage (+0.5 points). 5 Average state-of-the-art grade for the power plant from 1 (fair) to 3 (very good). The α x Tot.eff. is graded from 1-3 , so that the α x Tot.eff ratio of 0.20-0.29 is 1 point, 0.30-0.40 gives 2 points and >40 gives 3 points. The investment factor is transferred into grades so that the factor <0.39 gives 3 points, 0.40-0.55 gives 2 points and >0.55 gives 1 point. 53PDF Image | Small-scale biomass CHP Finland Denmark and Sweden
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