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6 Some heat is produced with the flue gas condensing and is considered when calculating the total efficiency but not when calculating the power-to-heat ratio. 7 Evaluation without investment costs Table 10. Some industrial CHP plants using biomass (1-20 MWe) [IEA Caddet, 1999; Vattenfall, 2002] Power plant Power Heat Fuel output output input MWe MW MW Electrical efficiency Total efficiency Power to heat -ratio α 0.23 0.29 0.16 0.07 Steam values Fuel bar / °C / kgs-1 wood resid- ues 50-60/470/2.8 saw- dust wood powder Tech- nology stoker grate boiler boiler AssiDomän, 9 Seskaro Trä Cementa, Slite 9 Forssjö Myresjöhus (Vattenfall) Mölndal (Stora Enso) Siljans Sågverk Silverdalen (M-Real) 1.5 6.5 0.20 2 7 10 0.20 0.90 8.2 50 1.1 1 14.5 There are about 30 to 40 CHP plants with less than 1 MWe power output in Sweden according to the European study SAVE [Ambiente Italia et al, 2001]. According to the information stated in that report these plants can be divided in three categories: • CHP plants using biogas or landfill gas as fuel in a gas engine. The main driving force of these plants is the cheap fuel. These plants provide heat to the district heating network and electricity to the grid to maximise the benefits. • CHP plants using natural gas and producing electricity and heat for industrial or residential buildings. • Demonstration plants to gain experience or to test new technologies. Some examples of the two first categories are shown in Table 11. It is important to notice that for most of the plants shown in this table the economical balance is negative. Therefore, the feasibility of the plant in the current market conditions is heavily compromised. Additional incentives can help to overcome the obstacles. [Ambiente Italia et al, 2001] 54PDF Image | Small-scale biomass CHP Finland Denmark and Sweden
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