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and peat. The ratio of wood fuels and peat is 73:27 respectively. Oil is used as a start up fuel. [Härnösand, 2002; Härnösand 2002a] Boiler in Härnösand is a BFB boiler (Fortum) with a sand bed. The average bed temperature is 870°C. During the start up the bed sand is heated with oil firing to 350°C before the fuel injection can be started. When the bed temperature has reached 600°C, the oil firing is shut down. The oil firing cannot be used during normal operation e.g. to upgrade steam values. Air is fed into the boiler as the fluidization air from the bottom of the boiler and as the secondary and tertiary air from the upper parts of the boiler. NOx emissions are controlled with a SNCR. NaOH can be injected to the boiler with two different injection stages but these stages are never used simultaneously. The higher stage is used during the high boiler loads and the lower one during the low loads. With this SNCR the NOx emissions can be kept under the required 50 mg/MJ. The estimated NH3 slip from the SNCR is 12 ppm. Boiler produces high-pressure steam (90 bar, 510°C and 14 kg/s), which is injected to a back pressure steam turbine (Ahlstom). The pressure between the two stages of the turbine is 10 bars and the back pressure is 0.4 bars. After the turbine the steam is condensed with a district heating heat exchanger. The temperature of the district heating water coming from the district heating network is > 50°C and the temperature of the water leaving to the network varies between 75 and 120°C. The accumulator at the power plant can store heating water for two hours demand. The condensed steam from the district heating heat exchanger is injected into a feedwater boiler. The pump after the feedwater boiler increases the water temperature to over 90 bars (approx. 96 bars) to ensure a good injection trough the two economisers and into the boiler. After the BFB boiler the flue gas is cooled down with superheaters, economisers, and air preheaters. The flue gas temperature after the heat exchangers is around 130-140°C. In this temperature the flue gases are cleaned first in a multicyclone and then in a fabric filter. After the dust removal the flue gases are condensed with a flue gas condenser (Fagersta Energetics) and an additional 7.3 MW heat is produced for district heating. The flue gas temperature before the stack is then around 126°C. The Härnösand power plant is operated with two persons in shift. The minimum load allowed in the power plant is around 7 MW heat. 64PDF Image | Small-scale biomass CHP Finland Denmark and Sweden
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