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9. Biomass CHP plants in Denmark 9.1 Current situation CHP plants have an important share both in the electricity and in the heat production in Denmark. Today the CHP plants supply about 70 % of the annual electricity production (34.7 TWhe) [Danish Energy Agency, 2001]. One fourth of the electricity produced in the CHP plants is generated with the small-scale CHP plants [Danish Energy Agency, 2001]. From the domestic district heat production (32.8 TWh) the CHP plants produce 80 % [Danish Energy Agency, 2001]. One third of this district heat is produced in the small-scale CHP plants [Danish Energy Agency, 2001]. In Denmark the phrase small- scale plant refers to all plants outside the centrally supplied areas, which includes plants up to 99 MWe. However, the normal range of these decentralized power plants is between 0.5 and 10 MWe. The electricity production in the decentralized small-scale CHP plants, wind mills, and from the independent CHP producers in Denmark has increased in the past eight years due to the incentives adopted by the government. In the 2000, the contribution of the decentralized small-scale CHP plants was 17 % of the total electricity production in Denmark. Additionally, 8 % of the total electricity production was generated by the independent CHP producers. From the district heating produced in the CHP plants about 25 % was produced in the decentralized small-scale CHP plants, as mentioned above, and 10 % by the independent CHP producers [Christiansen et al., 2000]. 9.2 Objectives to increase the biomass use The promotion of combined heat and power plants has been one of the main objectives of the Danish government energy policy. In the 1986, the Danish Government adopted the construction of the decentralized CHP plants as a part of its energy programme. The goal was to gain a total power output of 450 MWe with CHP plants by the year 1995. The CHP plants would be fired with domestic fuels such as straw, wood, waste, and biogas, and also natural gas could be used. In the 1990, the government made another agreement to increase the use of natural gas and biofuels by constructing new CHP plants and by switching the existing coal and oil-fired district heating plants to natural gas and biomass-based CHP generation [Serup et al, 1999]. In Denmark the energy policy has been trying to promote the use of the indigenous fuels. The objectives of the energy plan related with the CHP plants were to have the majority of the heat demand covered by district heating, the largest possible share of the 66PDF Image | Small-scale biomass CHP Finland Denmark and Sweden
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