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2.5 • • • Semiannual Program Reviews: DOE and national laboratory program managers review the status, progress, budgets, and issues for the entire Solar Program at least twice each year. Additional review meetings are scheduled as needed for program elements requiring more intense scrutiny. Findings from these secondary meetings are communicated to Solar Program managers for key decision-making. Annual Solar Program Reviews: All program elements are reviewed in a conference setting, including paper and poster sessions. The Review is planned and implemented according to the EERE Peer Review Guidance. Peer Reviews: These reviews are intended to provide periodic independent review and confirmation of the technical quality and merit of program elements. Each technical program element is reviewed at least biannually, and a programmatic peer review is scheduled to evaluate the Solar Program portfolio balance and objectives. Solar program peer reviews are typically held every other year at the start of the fiscal year in conjunction with the annual Solar Program Review. Each Peer Review panel comprises independent reviewers whose eligibility is in accordance with OMB guidelines, as well as the EERE Peer Review Guidance. Program Benefits The Solar Program’s benefits are examined on an ongoing basis through EERE’s Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) Benefits Analysis Team effort, and Solar Program-specific analysis activities.7 Solar energy can directly benefit the nation by substantially contributing toward meeting three national challenges—air quality, energy reliability and security, and economic development. Our nation’s economic health and security increasingly depends on reliable, clean, abundant, and affordable energy. Energy consumption in the United States is projected to increase by about 34% between 2003 and 2025.8 Solar energy systems have the versatility to provide clean electricity and energy systems for grid-connected distributed power, centralized power generation, grid-independent power, water and space heating, and industrial process heating. Solar energy has enormous potential as a supplement or alternative to fossil fuels for serving energy markets in both the United States and developing nations. Economic Benefits The solar industry continues to grow steadily as costs for solar systems decline. During the last decade, the market for solar energy from photovoltaics grew at an average annual rate of 33%. The solar industry estimates that growth rates above 30% annually can be sustained over the next decade (with targeted policies and R&D), and then after 2015 growth rates are likely to become more moderate. This level of market growth would result in a U.S. solar industry that could employ 250,000 people by 2030.9 With technological innovations lowering costs and increased market growth leading to new jobs and export opportunities, solar energy can become a major high-technology growth industry that contributes significantly to our country’s economic growth while concurrently serving to improve our trade balance. Energy Security and Reliability Domestic solar energy will increase the nation’s energy supply and provide expanded opportunities to enhance the reliability of our energy infrastructure, thus creating a more stable environment for economic growth. The distributed, modular characteristics of solar energy offer tremendous flexibility for both grid-connected and off-grid electricity applications. Distributed energy technologies are expected to supply an increasing share of the electricity market to improve power quality and reliability. Power outages and disturbances currently cost the United States economy an estimated $100 billion per year.10 Solar energy can play a significant role in helping to reduce these costs.11 7 EERE 2005 Government Performance Results Act Reports. 8 Energy Information Administration. Annual Energy Outlook 2005. 9 U.S. PV Industry Roadmap Through 2030 and Beyond. September 2004. 10C.W. Gellings and K.Yeager, “Transforming the Electric Infrastructure,” Physics Today, December 2004; and K. Hamachi LaCommare and J.H. Eto, “Understanding the Cost of Power Interruptions to U.S. Electricity Consumers, http://certs.lbl.gov/certs_p_reliability.html). 11R. Perez et al., 2005. Solution to the Summer Blackouts? Solar Today. July/August, pp.32–35. 20PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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