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Manufacturing (Tier-2 TIO) • Improve semiconductor materials utilization in manufacturing. • Develop and employ improved, in situ production process controls and in-line diagnostics. These R&D efforts will be conducted within the framework of the Thin-Film PV Partnership national teams in each of the thin-film technology areas. High-Performance Multijunction Thin Films. To leverage advances in thin-film technologies, the Solar Program is investigating the development of higher-performance devices that take advantage of tandem or multijunction solar cells. Polycrystalline thin-film tandem cells include combining high- and low-bandgap single junctions to make a device that is able to use more of the solar spectrum in generating electrons. Although no commercially available modules exist using this approach, these materials are a good example of the investment the Solar Program makes to develop next-generation PV devices. Activities in this area are given below and will be managed by the Solar Program’s High-Performance PV Project. Absorber (Tier-2 TIO) • Continue to develop high-bandgap alloys based on I-III-VI2 and II-VI compounds and other novel materials that can be used for the top cell in high-performance devices. • Continue to develop low-bandgap CIS and its alloys, thin silicon, and other novel approaches as the bottom cell in high-performance devices. Cells and Contacts (Tier-2 TIO) • Develop methods for integrating the thin-film tunnel junction (interconnect) with the top cell both optically and electrically. • Continue to develop monolithic and stacked device structures. • Develop p-type transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) for an interconnect of the tandem structure with process compatibility for manufacture. Concentrator PV. In terms of megawatts deployed, CPV is the least mature of the PV module technologies, yet this technology faces the same key challenges as flat-plate modules. As with flat-plate modules, the key activities leading to competitiveness for CPV will center on increasing efficiency/performance, reducing the manufacturing cost per unit area, and ensuring the reliability of fielded products. Internal laboratory efforts on CPV will focus on the absorber and cells/contacts (increased cell efficiencies) Tier 2 TIOs, while subcontracted R&D will cover the full range of Tier 2 TIOs—absorbers, cells/contacts, interconnects, packaging, and manufacturing. Examples of specific, key activities to address CPV performance, cost, and reliability are shown below. Absorber (Tier-2 TIO) • Continue to explore improved high-efficiency absorber materials. Cells and Contacts (Tier-2 TIO) • Continue to aggressively improve laboratory cells to greater than 40% efficiency. Packaging (Tier-2 TIO) • Improve performance of optical systems. • Develop novel thermal-management systems. 53PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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