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Manufacturing (Tier-2 TIO) • Transition from high-efficiency c-Si cells to higher-efficiency III-V multijunction solar cells. • Work with industry to improve systems integration. The Solar Program will work closely with CPV industry partners and interested utilities to coordinate these activities and ensure that key TIOs are addressed. Future Generation. At present, three non-conventional PV technologies are receiving R&D attention: organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, and third-generation concepts including those based on nanostructured materials. The key activities leading to competitiveness for the future-generation technologies will center on increasing efficiency/ performance, lowering cost, manufacturing, and reliability of future products. Internal laboratory efforts on future- generation technologies will focus on the absorber and cells/contacts (increased cell efficiencies) Tier 2 TIOs, while subcontracted R&D will cover the full range of Tier 2 TIOs—absorbers, cells/contacts, manufacturing, and reliability. This activity is supported under the High-Performance PV Project. Examples of specific, key activities to address future-generation performance, cost, manufacturing, and reliability are shown below. Absorber (Tier-2 TIO) • Continue to identify and explore materials and concepts of organic solar cells, dye solar cells, and future- generation cells toward 10%, 20%, and over 50% efficiencies, respectively. Cells and Contacts (Tier-2 TIO) • Continue to aggressively improve materials and incorporate into devices. Manufacturing (Tier-2 TIO) • Assess and verify durability and reliability of future-generation solar cells. • Identify commercialization pathways for promising new technologies via university/industrial partnerships. The Solar Program will work closely with future-generation industry partners and interested utilities to coordinate these activities and ensure that key TIOs are addressed. Inverters and BOS (Tier-1 TIO) In the area of inverters and balance of systems, the Solar Program has the opportunity to lead a transition over the next 5 years from a component-based manufacturing paradigm to an integrated systems manufacturing approach. The discussion below applies across all reference systems, which are generally in two size categories: residential/off-grid islanding and commercial/utility. As a reference, the document High-Tech Inverter, Balance-of-Systems, and Systems R&D: A Five-Year Strategy, derived from a series of workshops with industry, academic, and laboratory participants, will provide the SDA guidance and prioritization for this transition phase. Inverter Software (Tier-2 TIO) • Develop “smart” diagnostic algorithms to report reasons for degradation or failures and predict impending problems due to overstressed components. • Further automate inverter set-up functions to reduce installation time and errors, and facilitate component interchangeability without system redesign. • Develop real-time current-voltage curve tracing capability, allowing an inverter to match its maximum-power- point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to the true physical characteristics of the PV array to which it is connected. 54PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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