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Hung et. al has studied numerous organic fluids as a working fluid for Organic Rankine Cycle [7]. Two organic compounds are studied in this study, R123 and isobutane. These fluids are selected based on the criteria for an ideal Rankine Cycle fluid suggested by Nag [8]. R123, an isentropic fluid, was shown to deliver good results as per Yamamoto et. al [9]; while according to Larjola [10] isobutane is a dry fluid and is recommended for low temperature utilizations. These two working fluids are chosen to study the effects of different working fluids on the ORC. For R123, the thermodynamic properties were obtained from the Modified Benedict-Webb-Rubin (MBWR) equation of state from Younglove and McLinden [11]. For isobutane, the thermodynamic properties are also obtained from the MBWR equation of state which was tabulated by Younglove and Ely [12]. A parametric study was carried out to obtain the cycle efficiency of the ORC along the saturated vapor line in the subcritical region for R123 and isobutane. This was done in order to make the ORC’s efficiency closer to the Carnot Cycle efficiency. Another important aspect is the limitation of the solar thermal collector’s operating temperature. Cycles using these fluids will be optimized to deliver the highest work output and the highest efficiency along the saturated vapor line. The effects of turbine inlet temperature (TIT) on these fluids in the superheated region will be investigated at 2 pressure levels as compared to the optimized cycle. By increasing the TIT along the isobaric line, the working fluid will be superheated. Table 1 presents the thermophysical properties of R123 and isobutane. Table 1: Thermophysical properties of R123 and Isobutane [13] Jurnal Mekanikal, December 2005 Parameters Chemical Formula Molecular weight (g/mol) Slope of saturated vapor line Critical temperature (K) Critical Pressure (MPa) Boiling point at 1 atm (K) Maximum Pressure (MPa) Maximum Temperature (K) R123 CHCl2 – CF3 152.93 Isentropic 456.831 3.6618 300.82 NA NA Isobutane C4H10 58.125 Negative 407.85 3.64 261.44 35 600 3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The performance of R123 and isobutane as the working fluid for an ORC is analyzed. Computer programming using MATLAB is used to calculate and obtain the relevant thermodynamic data and various system performances. The effects of turbine inlet pressure (TIP) along saturated vapor line, the TIT in superheated region and the T-s diagram of ORC are discussed. Figure 2 depicts the graphical representation of R123 and isobutane in a T-s diagram. Unlike water, which has a negative saturated vapor line gradient, R123 and isobutane has a near-straight and positive gradient respectively. The gradient of the saturated vapor line will affect the system efficiency [14]. When the two fluids are compared, R123 has a much 71PDF Image | SOLAR THERMAL ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY
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