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Jurnal Mekanikal, December 2005 smaller enthalpy of vaporization but a higher critical point. A smaller enthalpy of vaporization means that less heat energy needed in vaporizing the fluid. 250 200 150 100 50 0 -50 0 1 -100 -150 -200 Figure 2: T-s diagram of R123 and Isobutane Effect of Turbine Inlet Pressure along Saturated Vapor Line Entropy [kJ/kg K] Isobutane R123 23456 3.1 The effect of TIP on the efficiency of the R123 and isobutane as the working fluid is shown in Figure 3. From the figure, it is shown that the efficiency for both fluids is a quadratic function of pressure. Relationship of work to pressure in the same graph also shows a quadratic line. Work and efficiency converted from ORC is a function of higher pressure for both fluids. Pressure point optimized work converted is near to the pressure point optimized at the maximum obtainable efficiency. As the pressure increases after the maximum point, less work is produced because the fluid will move further into the superheated region at the turbine outlet. This loss of work is due to the gradient of the saturated vapor line. More heat is rejected to the environment as the result of the gradient of the line. In power generation work output has priority over system efficiency if the difference in efficiency is not significant between the two maximum points. Referring to Table 2, the difference of efficiency obtained from optimized (Opt.) work cycle and optimized efficiency cycle for both fluids is only 0.3% although work output difference is about 0.4 to 2 kJ/kg. A comparison between the two working fluids indicates that though R123 provides better overall thermal efficiency, isobutane gives better work output albeit at a lower efficiency. The difference between the maximum work outputs achieved by both working fluids is approximately 30 kJ/kg whereas the efficiency difference is 6%, as shown in Table 2. The condenser temperature or the minimum cycle temperature for R123 and isobutane is 28 ̊C. The common value for condenser temperatures is 24 ̊C, but the saturation pressure for R123 at 28 ̊C is equal to the atmospheric pressure. So, by fixing the temperature at 28°C, a vacuum condition is not needed in the condenser. 72 Temperature [C]PDF Image | SOLAR THERMAL ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY
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