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80 30 70 60 50 40 15 30 20 10 Figure 3: Work & efficiency vs. Turbine inlet pressure for R123 and Isobutane The expansion ratio of R123 is nearly three times that of isobutene. The low volume flow ratio of isobutane is due to its lower molecular weight. The Carnot efficiency is evaluated at the same maximum and minimum working temperatures, the difference between the actual cycle efficiency and the Carnot efficiency is only from 6 to 8%. While, the difference in efficiency between a Rankine Cycle and a Carnot Cycle is normally in the range of 10 to 20%, at the same working pressure condition. Table 2: Working fluid and conversion cycle characteristics for ORC System 5 00 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Pressure [MPa] Jurnal Mekanikal, December 2005 Poly. (Efficiency (R123)) Poly. (Efficiency (Isobutane)) Poly. (Work (R123)) Poly. (Work (Isobutane)) 25 20 10 Working Fluid Condition Min. cycle pres. [MPa] Min. cycle temp. [ ̊C] Max. cycle pres. [MPa] Max. cycle temp. [ ̊C] Compression ratio Turbine expansion ratio Isentropic work [kJ/kg] Wettest vapor quality Exhaust vapor quality Turbine mass flow [kg/s] Cycle Efficiency [%] Carnot Efficiency [%] R123 Isobutane Opt. Work Opt. Opt. Work Efficiency 0.10 0.10 0.38 28 28 28 3.40 3.54 3.16 180 182 127 34 35.4 8.32 50.6 60.2 12.5 58.99 58.54 77.65 0.84 0.78 0.95 Superheated 0.98 Superheated 1 1 1 25.63 25.90 18.57 33.82 33.55 24.74 Opt. Efficiency 0.38 28 3.40 132 8.95 17.6 75.78 0.86 Superheated 1 18.85 25.62 From Table 2, the term of “wettest vapor quality” is used. This term is to indicate the highest moisture content in the working section of the ORC turbine. When higher-pressure level of ORC is tracked along the saturated vapor line, it is 73 Work [kJ/kg] Efficiency [-]PDF Image | SOLAR THERMAL ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY
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