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Jurnal Mekanikal, December 2005 found that as the pressure approaches the critical pressure, fluid expansion in the turbine will lead to higher moisture content as compared to the turbine outlet. This occurs due to the saturated vapor line curvature in the T-s diagram of the fluid, at higher pressures the gradient of the saturated vapor line changes from positive to negative. To make sure that the vapor is dry in the turbine, because high moisture content will corrode the turbine, it is recommended that the TIP be set at the turning point of the saturated vapor line in the T-s diagram. The turning point is situated between the point of inflexion and the critical point. By changing the maximum cycle pressure, the efficiency and work output will drop to a lower value but the working fluid will be dry in the working section of the turbine. Table 3 shows the work delivered after correcting the pressure and temperature to the turning point. The choice of either choosing the maximum work, maximum efficiency or the corrected pressure will depend on economic factors. Others include the effect of wet vapor on the turbine blade, lifetimes of the turbine, cost of the turbine and materials involved. However, these economic considerations are beyond the scope of this study. Table 3: Working fluid and conversion cycle characteristics at corrected pressure Working Fluid Condition Min. cycle pres. [MPa] Min. cycle temp. [ ̊C] Max. cycle pres. [MPa] Max. cycle temp. [ ̊C] Compression ratio Turbine expansion ratio Isentropic work [kJ/kg] Exhaust vapor quality Cycle Efficiency [%] Carnot Efficiency [%] R123 Corrected Pressure 0.10 28 2.08 150 20.8 71.2 51.6 Superheated 22.15 28.88 Isobutane Corrected Pressure 0.38 28 2.25 107 5.9 7.0 69.2 Superheated 16.6 20.72 3.2 Effect of Turbine Inlet Temperature in Superheated Region The effect of superheating the working fluid is shown in Figure 4 for R123 and isobutane. For R123, efficiency is constant with the increase of turbine inlet temperature especially at higher pressures. Generally the efficiency declines with temperature increase although there is a slight efficiency increase at lower pressure. Therefore it is not attractive to increase the TIT to the superheated region for R123 because the increase in temperature does not increase the efficiency. With these two pressure levels plotted, performance at other pressure levels can be found using interpolation or extrapolation method. 74PDF Image | SOLAR THERMAL ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY
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