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Despite the low cost of the fuel resource, chip fired boiler systems tend to be large, best suited for large buildings or district heating. They require constant operational maintenance and more complex facilitates to accommodate an effective system, including an automatic chip feeding system. In 2010, the Tok School installed a chip fired boiler with a waste heat system that replaces an oil powered system that previously consumed 65,000 gallons of fuel oil per year. The new system contributes to healthier air quality (producing only 14 ppm (parts per million) of Carbon monoxide (CO) compared to 200 ppm of CO from an oil fired furnace) and saves the community $486,450 per year in heating and electricity costs after installation, operation and maintenance.4 Cost of design and installation in Tok totaled $3.2 million, funded by Alaska’s Renewable Energy Grant Fund (see funding resources on page 39), and operating costs from local wood harvesting and maintenance totaled $132,000 per year. That cost included a half time maintenance person to run the facility and $80,000 for fuel material, estimated at $40 per ton. Note that particular fuel costs for similar projects will vary depending on geographic location and available resources. Cordwood Biomass Systems Cordwood, or traditional log firewood, is the most common form of wood heating, used most commonly in residential stoves. Cordwood boilers operate very similarly to residential stoves, but on a much larger scale. These systems may operate at higher temperatures and with greater efficiency – as much as 87 percent efficiency.5 Typical heat output is between 250,000 and 700,000 BTUs per hour. Though they produce less heat energy than chip boiler systems, they are much less complex to operate, requiring simple manual loading of firewood into the furnace up to four times per day. Additionally, cordwood boilers cost much less than chip boilers, ranging from $250,000 to $500,000 per unit depending on the scale of the project. Use of dry wood is very important for maintaining high efficiencies in these systems. 4 Parts per million (ppm) is a measure of particle density, the number of particles that exist in one million particles of a larger sample, in this case, the number of molecules of carbon monoxide (CO) that are present in the air. CO levels of 200 ppm or greater inside building is when the building must be evacuated. 5 Alaska Energy Authority, “Cordwood Boilers Factsheet,” 2012. Wood chip burner in Tok Photo from Alaska Energy Authority 2011 Renewable Energy Atlas Sustainable Energy Opportunities: Best Practices for Alaska Tribes Page 16PDF Image | Sustainable Energy Opportunities: Best Practices for Alaska Tribes
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