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Plasma Gasification and Incineration One possibility for energy production is to use ground up municipal waste as a fuel source to produce heat and electricity through a process called plasma gasification. Landfill waste is ground up and added to a furnace that cooks the waste in an oxygen free environment. The byproducts of this process are ash (also called “slag”) and a flammable gas called “synthesis gas” (or syngas) that is used to fire a burner and create electricity. The waste heat from the incineration process and gas burner can be used to heat nearby buildings in a district heating loop or to heat water. This method of waste disposal and energy generation has become popular in Europe, especially in Denmark, the Netherlands, and Germany. Because plasma gasification is more controlled, it produces fewer toxic gases and harmful air particles than simply burning trash. Dillingham is investigating the possibility of implementing a plasma gasification plant, but has run into a common challenge of such facilities – not enough trash. Even in Dillingham with a population of over 2,300, not enough trash is produced to keep a small scale prototype waste- to-energy plant operating all day, every day. Rather than a plasma gasification system, Chena Power installed a waste-to-energy incineration generator to power its headquarters in North Pole that simply uses cardboard and waste paper as a direct fuel source. This system produces 400 kW of power and utilizes 4,300 tons of paper and cardboard waste annually. However, like the Dillingham project, expansion of the Chena power generator is also limited by the availability of waste for fuel. Waste-to-Energy Canada (WTEC) has developed a gasification unit specifically for isolated small rural communities in northern climates. The unit was designed for the community of Old Crow in Yukon, Canada that is only accessible by air. The two 40 foot container boxes that house the waste-to-energy system can be flown in, set up within hours, and require minimal operational training and very little startup energy. Each individual unit can accommodate up to 1.5 tons of waste per day. When municipal waste is not enough to fill the unit efficiently, other waste materials such as available biomass can be added to supplement the waste energy. Sustainable Energy Opportunities: Best Practices for Alaska Tribes Page 20PDF Image | Sustainable Energy Opportunities: Best Practices for Alaska Tribes
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