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Photovoltaic Systems Photovoltaic (PV) arrays, or sets of PV panels installed together, are possibly the most recognizable of the solar energy collection systems and work by converting light energy directly into electrical energy within each “cell”, the smallest unit of a PV light collecting system measuring 10 cm to 15 cm square. The technology behind the functioning of PV systems is relatively complex and constantly improving. Within each cell, sunlight striking the PV material, usually silicone, creates an electrical current that can then be used directly for an energy source. PV modules, a unit composed of multiple PV cells, have no moving parts therefore suffer little wear and tear thus making operation and maintenance very low cost and providing life expectancies of 20 years or more. Power inverters, mechanisms that convert electricity from the panels into usable electricity in the home, are typically the only pieces of equipment that need replacing over the life of the PV system. Within the area of PV technology, there are three main categories; monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin film. The differences between the three types are relatively minor, except that monocrystalline and polycrystalline panels are as much as twice as efficient as thin film PV. Monocrystalline and polycrystalline will be more expensive, but because they are more efficient, the price per kilowatt produced will be similar between all three types. In areas where space is a constraint, monocrystalline and polycrystalline panels are preferable because they require less space per kW of output, whereas in situations where space is not a factor, thin film can be used. Lime Village, several hundred miles west of Anchorage, installed a 12kW PV array as part of a diesel-solar hybrid system, a donation by British Petroleum (BP). The array offsets 5,800 gallons of diesel per year, 28 percent of the village’s annual use. Currently, with the help of a grant from the Alaska Energy Authority, the AVEC is conducting an assessment of the performance of possible solar-hybrid projects in rural Alaska villages. Photovoltaic panels on top of the Nenana teen recreational center Photo courtesy of Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council Sustainable Energy Opportunities: Best Practices for Alaska Tribes Page 30PDF Image | Sustainable Energy Opportunities: Best Practices for Alaska Tribes
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