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Despite the enormous potential of hydrokinetic energy, primary limitations on immediate implementation of hydrokinetic turbines involve seasonal operating complications and insufficient design and technology to deal with them. Examples of operational complications include freezing and thawing ice that slows current speeds, reducing the energy output of a submerged turbine, and can freeze directly on turbines inhibiting their ability to produce electricity. Current research is also focused on designs that minimize negative impacts of floating and submerged debris in rivers that jam around turbines also impeding their efficiency or damaging the turbine. Hydrokinetic energy shows a great deal of future promise as an energy source, similar to where wind technology was 15 years ago. If development continues at its current pace, hydrokinetic technology will approach a similar feasibility level as wind is now within the next 10 to 15 years.9 Wind energy prices have dropped by as much as 80 percent in the last thirty years as technology, industry standardization, and design innovations improved efficiency. While still a pre commercial technology, hydrokinetic is a worthy option for potential future use as it undergoes further improvements. Types of Hydrokinetic Projects Hydrokinetic energy can be gained from any water source with sufficient water speed and volume to spin a turbine. Currently, the minimum speed for electrical generation is two to four knots (one to two meters per second), but optimal conditions for much of the available technology are those with current speeds of five to seven knots (1.5 to 3.5 meters per second). Though pilot projects for both in stream and tidal hydrokinetic energy have been implemented or assessed in several sites in Alaska, none are productively operating as of yet. An older type of river hydrokinetic technology involves diverting water through a pipe or channel and through a turbine and has been implemented for electricity production. 9 Jerome B. Johnson and Dominique J. Pride, “River, Tidal, and Ocean Current Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies: Status and Future Opportunities in Alaska,” Alaska Center for Energy and Power, November 1, 2010. 2010 report by Alaska Center for Energy and Power on hydrokinetic technology and potential: http://www.uaf.edu/files/acep/2010_11_1_State_of_the_Art_Hydrokinetic_Final.pdf Sustainable Energy Opportunities: Best Practices for Alaska Tribes Page 38PDF Image | Sustainable Energy Opportunities: Best Practices for Alaska Tribes
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