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In-Stream Hydrokinetic The first U.S. installed hydrokinetic project was a 5 kW device deployed in Ruby, Alaska in 2008 and again in 2009 and 2010. A similar 25 kW turbine was installed in the Yukon River in Eagle in 2010. However, both projects faced serious difficulties with debris carried by the river. Determining possible operation costs of hydrokinetic is difficult to assess due to the early stage of the technology. Statistics for three possible Alaska installations were estimated by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) for Igiugig, Eagle, and Whitestone. The kWh price estimates for these projects ranged from $0.19 per kWh to $0.68 per kWh with the projected 590 kW installation at Whitestone, the largest of the three, being the cheapest per kWh. Different from in-stream turbines, run-of-the-river diverted water stream turbines have been employed for many years. They function by using the natural flow of a river or stream through a constructed channel to turn a turbine and produce electricity. Diverted water hydro systems are larger than in-stream systems requiring more infrastructure, which makes them more costly than in-stream turbines, but without requiring large dams as with traditional hydroelectric. The Gustavus Electric Company installed a diverted hydro system in 2006 for $10 million that provides the majority of their electrical needs and displaces approximately 126,000 gallons of fuel. Tidal Flow Hydrokinetic Similar to in-stream hydrokinetic, tidal energy technology is also still in the developmental phase, but with its own unique challenges. Cost estimates for tidal energy are incomplete, but the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) conducted initial estimates for large scale implementations for the Knik Arm in Cook Inlet and in Yakutat. Installation estimates for these sites were significantly larger than those for in-stream hydrokinetic, ranging from 5,200 kW to 17,000 kW of installed capacity. These would cost between $48 million and $123 million to implement. Due to increased capacities, per kWh prices were much lower than in stream project estimates, ranging from $0.11 to $0.28. Prototype in stream turbine deployed in the Yukon River Photo from the Alaska Center for Energy and Power report, “River, Tidal, and Ocean Current Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies: Status and Future Opportunities in Alaska”. Sustainable Energy Opportunities: Best Practices for Alaska Tribes Page 39PDF Image | Sustainable Energy Opportunities: Best Practices for Alaska Tribes
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