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GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE UTILIZATION This eastern Texas geothermal assessment focused on the moderate to high temperature geothermal resources accessible through depths typically associated with hydrocarbon wells. The advantages of using oil and gas wells/fields are: 1) the geothermal and oil and gas industries have overlapping knowledge bases that can build on each other’s expertise to improve both industries; 2) existing oilfield data are accessible for initial reservoir review, reducing exploration costs; 3) oil and gas fields have the existing infrastructure necessary for geothermal project development, i.e., roads, well pads, electrical connections to the grid, etc.; 4) the new binary turbine designs for distributed energy production makes them easier to plug and play with oil/gas wells; 5) oil and gas fields are normally in a state of flux with wells coming online and being abandoned creating new opportunities for geothermal production. There are different scenarios which can be used to develop the geothermal resources that exist in Texas from electrical production to direct use of the heat. These will be explained in this next section. Electrical Production For geothermal resources to be commercially viable, heat must be removed from the produced fluid at a sustainable rate, and return a reasonable profit. These conditions depend on the quality of the resource - temperature, depth, fluid characteristics, and the ability to extract and then reinject the fluids. These factors are a function of geology, i.e., rock type, layer thickness, porosity, permeability, pressure, and thermal history. Determining the temperatures within a geothermal reservoir (field) is often the first step in evaluating the resource since temperature can be used to determine the extent of stored energy (Appendix C). Using the temperature, estimates are made as to how much heat is available for producing electricity under different fluid production scenarios. Secondly, a recovery factor is calculated for the amount of heat available for extraction. The recovery factor depends on such variables as the type of fluid (water or gas) that causes flow from the formation into the well, rock and fluid compressibilities, the water influx from shale, reservoir pressure decline, production rate, amount of heat extraction at the surface, and which formation is used for fluid injection. Many of these variables are difficult to evaluate and typically a well production and injection test are needed. 43PDF Image | Texas Geothermal Assessment for the I35 Corridor East
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