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current quantification of brine available is primarily a result of the research completed during the 1970s to 1990s geopressure - geothermal studies for the Gulf Coast Region. Areas such as East Texas where the technique of waterflooding is used to extract more oil and gas have current information on fluid injection volumes. Thus, it is expected that far more fluids presently exist stranded in oil and gas fields than the current records show. Fluids Produced and Injected Texas is the nation’s number one oil and gas producer with more than 216,000 active oil and gas wells statewide. Along with these are the injection and disposal wells which return the produced water and frac fluids from these oil and gas wells. Texas has more than 50,000 permitted oil and gas injection and disposal wells7. Disposal wells inject fluid into an underground interval that is not producing oil and gas. Injection wells reinject fluids into the same or similar reservoir, from which the fluids originated, usually for secondary recovery of the oil. Operators use secondary recovery techniques when an oil field’s recovery rate has decreased. One technique of secondary recovery, sometimes known as waterflooding — generally injects produced saltwater into a reservoir to reestablish sufficient pressure that will allow an operator to recover additional amounts of oil. The quantity of water an individual oil and gas well produces is not recorded by the Railroad Commission. However, there is a section on the TX RRC W10 Form for “Daily Water” and some operators fill it in. Review of the records between 1994 and 2007 from this form includes over 12,000 wells for Districts 1 - 6 (Figure 22). Using the 12,000 wells as indicators of production depths with the most available water, there are two peaks, one between 5,000 to 7,000 feet and a second between 9,000 to 11,000 feet (Figure 23). Based on the total water produced, highest flow rates are produced at depths less than 7000 feet and most likely have too low a temperature for electrical production (Figure 23). Of the 12,000 wells there are only three wells [API # 4223902390 (Jackson Co.), 4249900386 (Brazoria Co.), 4203931304 (Wood Co.); Figure 24] with recorded daily water production values of over 6,000 barrels per day (175 gpm) which is close to the minimum flow rate necessary for electrical production with current binary technology (~200 gpm @ 200°F for 50 kW). Combining the fluids from multiple wells is one method to achieve the desired flow rates. 7 Jan. 2010, http://www.rrc.state.tx.us/about/faqs/saltwaterwells.php 48PDF Image | Texas Geothermal Assessment for the I35 Corridor East
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