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changes necessary. As shown in Table 5, the quantity of the fluid being injected/disposed is huge. For the combined volumes of Districts 1 - 6 the total amount was 2,172,701,192 barrels in 2007. The average barrels per well was 364,242. Over half of the fluid was used for secondary recovery. There are currently 2,237 secondary recovery injection wells in District 1 - 6 that could be reviewed for depth and interconnection within the hydrocarbon field to see if they are injecting into formations with temperatures over 200°F. Enhanced Geothermal Systems Resource Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) are developed in geologic formations with limited quantities of water containing high temperatures (Tester et al., 2006). These formations become productive when fluid is injected into the rock to act as a carrier for the extraction of heat . This resource potential is huge in comparison to other geothermal categories in Texas because it utilizes deeper - hotter resources and therefore increases conversion rates. EGS can essentially be developed anywhere with well depths varying according to where temperatures of 300°F or higher exist. Texas has the advantage of using the sedimentary basins and hydrocarbon knowledge to increase the possibility of near-term development of EGS. The EGS resources occur because of heat conducting from the Earth’s interior and natural radioactivity within the rocks. The basement rock of the Sabine Uplift in East Texas is considered the area with the highest heat flow in Texas (Blackwell and Richards, 2004a) (Figure 1). Here the potential for EGS is the greatest, especially if combined with coproduction of oil and gas from the upper formations. The calculated subsurface temperatures in East Texas are 400°F at 20,000 ft (Negraru et al., 2008). A realistic EGS potential for Texas is 318,652 EJ (Negraru et al., 2008) with the majority of the thermal energy from the eastern half of the state because of the thermally colder Permian Basin. For a perspective as to how much 318,652 EJ of EGS resources can produce, using an average binary turbine conversion rate of 10% from thermal energy to electrical production, and a very conservative availability rate of 0.2%, there is enough to power the entire industrial sector for over 500 years at the 2008 Texas electrical consumption rate of 32,525 thousand megawatt-hour (MWh)9. Even modest utilization of this EGS resource is capable of supplying a large portion of the state’s energy on a permanent baseload basis. 9 http//:www.eia.doe.gov 53PDF Image | Texas Geothermal Assessment for the I35 Corridor East
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