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THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF TURBOMACHINERY 289 Steam Turbine Developments of Auguste Rateau Auguste Rateau was born in France in 1863 and graduated from Ecole Polytechnique in Paris in 1883. Rateau began his steam turbine experimental work in 1894 trying to modify a De Laval turbine with Pelton buckets—an experiment that was not successful. In 1900, he designed a pressure staged impulse turbine that bears his name today. In 1903, Rateau formed his own company. With his publication of “Treatise on Turbomachines,” Rateau established himself as a preeminent authority on steam and gas turbine design. Rateau also pioneered developments of turbo- superchargers and air compressors. A cross section of a Rateau turbine is shown in Figure 22 and a photograph of 60 bhp, 6000 rpm Rateau steam turbine is shown in Figure 23. Figure 19. Parsons Axial Flow Steam Turbine Opened for Inspection. (Parsons, 1926) Figure 20. Photo of Parsons Turboalternator. (French, 1908) Because of the opposition to new ideas from the very conservative British Admiralty, Parsons staged a daring demonstration. In 1897, which was Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee, the Royal Navy had organized a huge review of its nation’s and other nations’ naval vessels, which was held in Spithead. Parsons gate-crashed the event with his Turbinia and raced it up and down the ranks of the great ships at speeds of over 30 knots. A photograph of the Turbinia is shown in Figure 21. Confronted by this amazing and audacious demonstration, the Admiralty issued a contract for a turbine-powered destroyer, the HMS Viper. Following the construction of HMS Viper, Parsons built a series of larger turbines including turbine engines for the famed battleship HMS Dreadnought and the 70,000 hp Mauretania and Lusitania. Figure 23. 60 BHP Rateau Steam Turbine. (French, 1908) Steam Turbine Developments of Charles Curtis Charles Curtis was born in Boston in 1860 and earned a Civil Engineering degree from Columbia in 1881. In 1886, he and two partners started a firm to manufacture electric motors and fans. In 1888, Curtis left the partnership to establish his own company called the Curtis Electric Manufacturing Company. Curtis developed his velocity-stage turbine in 1896 and sold his rights to General Electric Company in 1901. GE subsequently refined the turbine and it competed with the Parsons designs for central station and marine applications. Licensing Agreements for Steam Turbines By 1920 almost every major manufacturer had established licensing contracts and was making stream turbines (Constant, 1980). • Westinghouse Corporation, USA, worked out a licensing agreement with Parsons in 1895. Figure 22. Cross Sectional View of Rateau Steam Turbine. (French, 1908) Figure 21. The 34 Knot “Turbina” at Spithead Naval Review in 1897—First Demonstration of Steam Turbine Propulsion. (Parsons, 1926)PDF Image | THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF TURBOMACHINERY
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