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302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 29TH TURBOMACHINERY SYMPOSIUM Figure 56. Inlet Section of the HeS 3B Engine Showing Axial Inducer and Centrifugal Compressor. (Meher-Homji, 1999; Courtesy ASME) Figure 57. Wraparound Combustor of the HeS 3B Engine Showing Fuel Spray Bar. (Meher-Homji, 1999; Courtesy ASME) drawn in from a nose intake and routed to the engine via a duct that went below the pilot’s seat. The fuel tank was located behind the pilot’s seat. The aircraft had a loaded weight of 4295 lb (1950 kg) and was designed for a maximum speed of 498 mph (640 Km/h) at sea level. On August 27, 1939, the He 178 piloted by Erich Warsitz made a historic six minute flight from the Heinkel airfield in Marienehe at about 4:00 a.m. There was great jubilation after this historic event. Heinkel rushed to inform the RLM of this achievement, but met with indifference as the RLM had more immediate problems of gearing up for the war, which was to start within a few days. Later, Heinkel arranged for a demonstration of the He 178 that was observed by the German Air Ministry, but there was little enthusiasm displayed by the Air Ministry representatives. This was the first aircraft in the world to fly utilizing a turbojet. To put the date into perspective, this flight was one year before the Italian Caproni-Campini CC2 (which used a ducted fan jet system but utilized a reciprocating compressor and consequently was not a true turbojet) and 20 months before the British Gloster E28/39 first took to the air powered by Whittle’s W1 turbojet. Figure 58. Radial Inflow Turbine of the HeS 3B Engine. (Meher- Homji, 1999; Courtesy ASME) Figure 59. The World’s First Jet Powered Aircraft, the Heinkel He 178, Powered by von Ohain’s HeS 3B Turbojet. (First flight on August 27, 1939, a few days before declaration of WW II.) (Meher- Homji, 1999; Courtesy ASME) HeS 8A Engine Development for the He 280 Jet Fighter Shortly after the demonstration of the He 178 to the RLM, Heinkel started development of a twin engine fighter, which was designated the He 280. The aircraft could not use engines of the HeS 3B type because of the large engine diameter and low performance. At this time, however, the axial flow engine (designated the HeS 30) that was being developed by Mueller who had arrived at the Heinkel Rostock plant, was experiencing serious development problems. Recognizing that this engine would not be ready in time, von Ohain designed a backup solution designated the HeS 8, which would employ a radial rotor similar to the HeS 3BPDF Image | THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF TURBOMACHINERY
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