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The Use of Supercritical Fluid Extraction Technology in Food Processing R.S. Mohamed and G.A. Mansoori Featured Article - Food Technology Magazine, June 2002 The World Markets Research Centre, London, UK lysozyme, ribonuclease, trypsin and their mixtures from dimethylsulphoxide (Reverchon et al., 2000). Other investigations focused on coatings, semi-conductors and pharmaceuticals. More recently this technique has been employed for the encapsulation of micron size particles and the selective precipitation of products from reaction media. Variations of this process include the aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES), which involves spraying the solution through an atomizing nozzle as fine droplets into supercritical carbon dioxide (Jung and Perrut, 2001). The dissolution of carbon dioxide in the liquid droplets leads to large volume expansion of the liquid and consequently the reduction of the dissolution power of this liquid and the existence of large supersaturations and thereby the formation of small solute particles. Another variation is the solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids. In this process, the supercritical fluid is first mixed with the solution and it is the mixture that is subsequently sprayed into a vessel controlled at the operating temperature and pressure and where particle formation takes place (Jung and Perrut, 2001). Droplets formed are generally smaller than in the ASES with enhanced mixing between the supercritical fluid and the solution. The Particles from gas-saturated solutions involves the dissolution of supercritical carbon dioxide in melted or liquid-suspended substance and thereby generating the denominated gas-saturated solution or suspension, which is subsequently expanded through an orifice or a nozzle to produce the desired fine solid particles or droplets. This process allows the formation of particles of substances insoluble in supercritical carbon dioxide (Jung and Perrut, 2001). Finally it is important to mention that supercritical fluids are known to provide good reaction media due to their capacity to homogenize a reaction mixture, high diffusivity and controlled phase separations and distribution of products (Phelps, et al., 1996).PDF Image | The Use of Supercritical Fluid Extraction Technology in Food Processing
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