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4,269,170 1 .2‘ ADSORPTION SOLAR HEATING AND STORAGE SYSTEM . intheprocesscommonlyknowntothisart.Thustheair in the panel is warmed and in turn warms the zeolite bed.The zeoliteisalsowarmed by itsown absorptionof the solar energy. The continuous heating by the sun in Thisinventionrelatestosolarenergysystemsem 5 concertwiththerelativelydryairblownthroughthe ployingradiantenergycollectorplatesandisconcerned more particularly with a new means of energy storage fromsuchsystemsthroughutilizationofzeolites. collector by the blower causes the 13X to release the water adsorbate. The ?nal water content of the zeolite isdeterminedbyitstemperature,therelativehumidity of the purgative air, the speed of the air ?ow, the time One of the most formidable problems of solar energy devicestobeovercomeistheef?cientstorageofthe 10 durationofthisdryingprocess,andthepelletsizeofthe heat collected from such systems for use during the nightandonsunlessdays.Severalstorageschemeshave been advanced, some of which are: insulated water storagetanks,insulatedrockpiles,orinsulatedstorage tanks ?lled with some type of antifreeze. Each of these 13X. The heated air from the collector circulates down throughtheradiator(s),releasingheattothebuildingas any conventional forced hot ?uid system does. The resultant cooled water-laden air passes from the radia tor(s), where most of the water condenses out into a ' storage schemes has some disadvantage,such as ex pense,sizeofvolumeneeded,ef?ciencyofextracting ground-cooledreservoirforlaterusebythewaterspray thestoredenergy,anddecayofthestoredenergywith‘ injector.Hence,duringthisphaseofthecycle,solar time due to heat losses. In accordance with the present teachings,however,theaboveproblemsareeliminated20 13xzeolitebed.Aslongasthecirculatingairiskeptfree through the utilization of a zeolitic process. As a back ground for insuring a sufficient understanding of the present invention as claimed, zeolites are a family of chemical compounds that are capable of reversible ad sorption.Typically,heatisreleasedduringthe'adsorp 25 collectorandisadsorbed,releasingtheheatofadsorp tion and warming the circulating air. This warm air leased by applying heat to the zeolite adsorbent while then ?ows through the radiator(s) to warm the building purging the zeolite with a dry gas. Lifetimes of syn in the same manner as above. The heat extracted from theticzeolitesareontheorderof2000cyclesofadsorp thezeolitebedinthepanelisregulatedbytheamountof tion/release.Arepresentativetextapplicabletothis waterinjectedintotheairflowandtherateatwhichit subject is:Molecular Sieves; Charles K. Hersh; Reinhold is injected. This can be controlled automatically by a PublishingCorp.,NewYork;1961.Also,referenceto thermostaticallycontrolledhydraulicvalve.Theentire U.S.Pat.Nos.2,306,610;2,882,243;and2,882,244is adsorption/releasecycledescribedaboveisrepeatable recommended. . ' _ v upto2000times,indicatingalifetimeofover6years Bywayofpreferredteaching,thezeoliteusedisa35 forthezeolite.Thesizeofthecollectorandzeolitebed tion process (heat of adsorption); the adsorbate is re synthetic type marketed by the Linde Co. 'under the name “13X”. Ithas an alumina-silicate base with sodium cation. The primaryuadsorbate for 13X is water. The 13X adsorbent will be described in the form of l in. pelletsbypreferreddesign,‘thoughitwillbeclearthat40 purgativeair-?owisoppositeindirectiontothewater the process will work to varying degrees of success in powder form, bead form, or other size pelets. Also, other zeolites, both natural and synthetic, will work to varyingdegreesofsuccesswiththeirrespectiveadsor ciallywhen 13Xisthezeolite,isitsaf?nityforhydro bates;forexample,LindeCo.’s“LMStype4A”with45 carbons.Ifinsteadoftheclosed-loopforcedhotair water as the adsorbate, or activated chabazite (natural) withwater.Becausethisteachingrelatesspeci?callyto the use of zeolites as energy storage for thermal ?at plate solar collectors, and isnot concerned with a new typeofsuchcollectors,thecollectordescribedwillbe of the most basic type so as to exemplify the preferred use of the zeolite storage process. systemdescribedaboveanopenloopsystemisused,i.e. the radiator is a simple blower vent, and the inlet blo wer/waterinjectortakesairdirectlyfromthebuilding's interior,thenthehydrocarbonaf?nityofthezeolitebed would serve to purify the interior air of hydrocarbon pollutants. I The advantages of this zeolitic storage system are many. The solar energy is stored with high chemical A thermal?atplatesolarcollector‘consistingofa?at rectangularboxwhosetopisdoublepaneglas,plexi glas, or some other transparent material, and whose 55 ef?ciency as long as the zeolite bed is kept dry. The base is?at black or dark green, is?lled with 13X zeolite intheformofiimpelletssoastoformalayerofzeolite about an inch in depth or less. An inlet manifold is‘ connected to an airblower to which isattached a water atomizer/injector.Theuseofamultipleductmanifold 60 designsofsolarthermalcollectors,precludingtheneed causesamoreuniformdistributionofair?ow through forlargeinsultedthermalstoragetanks,etc.The 13X zeolite itselfiscommon and economical in large pur ‘viainsulatedductworkorpipe.toaheatexchanger(s) chases,especiallyconsideringits2000pluscyclelife (anyradiatorcurrentlyusedinforcedhotairsystems) time. , insidethebuildingtobeheated.The radiator(s)isin65 Itisanobject,therefore,ofthepresentinventionto turn connected to a condenser and then the blower to provide a chemical storage of energy from solar ther completethecircuit.Duringasunnyday,the.panel malcollectorsbymeansofdehydratingazeolitebed collectsthesun’sradiantenergyandconvertsittoheat withsolarheatandpurgativeair?ow. theentirezeolitebed.Theoutletmanifoldisconnected energyisstoredintheform‘ofheatofadsorption,inthe of water adsorbate, the solar energy can be stored in de?nitly.Atnight,or-oncloudy'days,thisstoredenergy is released by injecting atomized water into the blower. This water circulates through the zeolite bed in the requiredisofcoursedependentontheheatrequirement of the building. ‘ Theblowerfanshouldbereversible,asthesystemis more efficiently purged on the water adsorbate ifthe injected airflow during the sunless hours. Thus the regeneration of the zeolite bed will be more complete. A bonusfeatureofthezeolitestoragesystem,espe stored chemical energy can be released as heat in an easily controllable manner with the common, non-toxic, non-flammable, non-poluting, inexpensive adsorbate, water. The zeolite bed iseasily integrated with currentPDF Image | ADSORPTION SOLAR HEATING AND STORAGE SYSTEM
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