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Lippmann 4 Case histories 2. GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS Because of the large capital investment for geothermal development a carefully designed management of both reservoir production and power plant operations is required. The main goals of a reservoir management program (or plan) for a given geothermal field is to: (1) Optimize resource production (2) Sustain production capacity over the lifetime of the plant (3) Reduce possible environmental impacts (4) Maximize profitability In order to reach those goals it is important that such plans consider, (a) the geology of the area (including faults, fractures and seismicity) (b) the properties of the geothermal reservoir (c) the hydrology of the geothermal system (d) the chemistry and temperature of the geothermal fluids (e) the characteristics of the power plant (or heat extraction plant) (f) the energy market conditions (g) the societal and environmental concerns and regulations This information is obtained from the open literature, company reports and by collecting field data. Once (a) to (g) are known (or estimated), various possible field management plans should be studied and compared against Goals 1 to 4 (see above). In those plans, one has to specify, (A) the fluid and temperature requirements for the plant or plants (B) thenumber,locationanddesignofproductionandinjectionwells (C) thefluidproductionorinjectionratesforeachofthewells (D) the minimum temperature of the re-injected fluids (to reduce scaling risks) Parameter (A) is determined considering the characteristics of the plant that will be installed in the field [see (e)], which will mainly depend on prevailing and estimated future energy market conditions [see (f)]. Parameters (B) and (C) are mainly established by carrying out well and tracer tests, and by performing numerical simulation studies to estimate the response of the field to different fluid production and injection scenarios. During the development and exploitation stages of a geothermal project, additional geologic, geochemical and reservoir engineering data [see (a) to (d)] will be gathered which might lead to an adjustment of (B) to (D). Only if the new information requires to drastically changing the characteristics of the power plant [see (e)], the field management plan will have to be significantly modified, but generally some adjustments might be needed. These will be done with the help of numerical models that calculate the effects of these changes on system behavior. As the exploitation of the field proceeds, the performance of the reservoir, wells and plant have to be monitored, and the recorded information incorporated into the numerical models. The results of the updated modeling studies might dictate further adjustments of the field management plan.PDF Image | CASE HISTORIES OF GEOTHERMAL FIELD MANAGEMENT IN THE USA
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