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nitediStatesPatent0 rice 12 3,512,358 CLOSED-CYCLECO2 GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT David Schmidt, Erlenbach,‘ Zurich, Switzerland, assignor to Sulzer Brothers‘ Limited, Winterthur, Switzerland, a Swiss company Filed Nov. 4, 1968, Ser. No. 773,261 Claims priority, application Switzerland, Nov. 8, 1967, 15,611/67 Int. Cl. F01k 25/00, 3/18 however, the reservoir is connected with the closed CO2 ?ow cycle by means of a single line, the reservoir being then equipped with heating means in the liquid space thereof. It is also possible to control the proportion of working substance in the reservoir as between gaseous and liquidphases. Brief description of the drawings The invention will now be further described in terms of a number of presently-preferred non-limitative ex emplaryembodimentsthereofandbyreferencetotheac companying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of one power plantinaccordancewiththeinvention;and FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of another powerplantaccordingtotheinvention. Description of preferred embodiments In the two ?gures of drawing, corresponding elements ofstructureareidenti?edbythesamereferencecharac ters. Heavy single lines are employed to indicate the flow path for the working substance while dashed lines indi catesignalchannels. In the single-shaft power plants shown in FIGS. 1 and2,agasturbine1,acooler6,acompressor3,anda nuclear reactor 5 are connected into a closed cycle as in dicated at 22, through which the CO2 working substance flows in the direction indicated by the arrows. By means of a shaft 2 the gas turbine 1 drives the compressor 3 and also an electric generator 4, which constitutes the use ful output load of the plant. Heat is supplied to the work ing substance on its passage through the nuclear reactor 5 while the cooler 6 serves to remove heat from the work ing substance, the heat so removed being transferred to a coolant such as water ?owing through the coil 7 in the cooler. The plant is adjusted to deliver the required output power by means of a reservoir 8. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the reservoir is connected into the closed cycle 22 by means of a line 9 connected into the cycle 22 at a point 13 of maximum pressure, downstream of the com pressor 3. The reservoir is additionally connected into the cycle 22 by a line 10' at a point 14 of minimum pres sure, upstream of the compressor 3. Lines 9 and 10 are equipped with valves 11 and 112 respectively, which may desirably be of the on-off type. In accordance with the invention, working substance is stored in the reservoir 8 partly in liquid and partly in gaseous form. For liquefaction of working substance in the reservoir, the reservoir is provided with a cooling coil 15. A coolant such as brine or water flows through the coil 15 at a rate controlled by the setting of a valve 16. In the embodiment of FIG. 1 the power output de livered from the plant is regulated by means of a regu lator 17 in dependence on the speed of the shaft 2. More particularly, the regulation may be such as to maintain the shaft speed substantially constant. The speed of the shaft is measured by a tachometer 18 and a speed—repre sentative signal is transmitted from the tachometer via a signalchannel19‘toregulator17.Regulator17controls valves 11 and 12 via signal channels 20‘ and 21. Another output signal is delivered from the regulator via signal channel 22 for control of valve 16 and hence of the ?ow of coolant through the coil 15. In the event of a fall in the load carried by the plant, the resulting increase in shaft speed above the value set therefor at tachometer 18 will deliver to the regulator 17 a signal which causes the regulator to open valve 11 and simultaneously to increase the opening of valve 16-, US.Cl.60--36 ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE 4Claims 10 A closed-cycle CO2 gas turbine power plant employing 15 a nuclear reactor as heat source includes a reservoir con necting to the cycle at points of different pressure therein through lines having valves controlled in response to changes in shaft speed or load to permit flow of CO2 to thereservoirondeclineinloadand/orriseinshaftspeed20 and vice.versanRefrigeration means are provided in the reservoir for partial liquefaction of CO2 therein, coolant ?ow through those means being varied as an inverse func tion of load and direct function of shaft speed. In an otherembodimentasinglelineconnectsthereservoirto25 the cycle, and heating means are provided in the liquid space of the reservoir. On increase in load, the heating means are activated, raising the pressure in the reservoir and sending CO2 gas into the cycle. 30 The present invention pertains to closed cycle gas tur bine power plants having CO2 as a working substance and employing a nuclear reactor or other suitable source of heat, with at leastone storage vessel or reservoir for CO2 working substance being connected to the closed cycle?ow pathfortheworkingsubstanceinordertoeffect, in the face of ?uctuations in load, control of pressure and hence of the amount of working substance present in the cycle. It has already been proposed to convert the heat pro duced in a nuclear reactor into electric energy by means of a closed cycle gas turbine plant in which the reactor coolant medium, for example helium or CO2, is em ployed as the working substance to drive the gas turbine: In one known plant of this type adjustment to the re quired output is achieved by connecting the closed cycle ?ow path of the working substance to a reservoir for the working substance. When the load falls in such a plant, gaseous working substance is withdrawn from the cycle and is stored in the reservoir. Conversely, when the load on the plant increases, additional working substance ?ows from~the reservoir into the cycle. In this Way itispossible to regulate the output of the plant, for example as a func tionofthespeedoftheturbineshaft. It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple and effective output regulation for closed cycle CO2 power plants of this type. According to the invention, the reservoir is equipped with coolant means by means of whichCO2islique?edwhentheloaddeclines.Thiscanbe 60 achieved by subjecting to a control from the output power regulator‘ofthesystemthe?ow ofcoolantorrefrigerant which passes through those cooling means in the reservoir. It is an advantage of the invention that by reason of the liquefaction of part of the CO2 stored in the reservoir, the dimensions of the reservoir can be substantially re duced. According to one embodiment of the invention, the reservoir is connected via separate lines into the CO2 ?ow cycleatpointsupstreamanddownstreamofthecom 70therebyincreasingthecoolant?owthroughcoil15.With pressor therein by means of lines which include control valve 11 opened, the CO2 working substance can ?ow out valves. According to another embodiment of the invention of the closed cycle 22, the pressure at the junction point 3,512,358 Patented May 19, 1970PDF Image | CLOSED-CYCLE GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT
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