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throttled sample must always be superheated when it attains the condenser pressure. In that case, the exit enthalpy from the boiler can be estimated only from pressure and temperature measurements of the throttled fluid. Thus, given the boiler discharge pressure, its exit dryness can be estimated from this value. Accordingly, using a microprocessor to generate the signal from the pressure and temperature inputs, the required boiler exit dryness fraction can be maintained by recirculating some of the feed pump delivery or by varying the feed pump speed to achieve the right degree of superheat in the throttled fluid. This, again, results in further reduction in CAPEX. Fig 8 Microprocessor Control System DESIGN STUDY To determine the suitability of such a system for small outputs, a typical case of heat recovery o from geothermal brine at 100 C was considered. The boiler pinch point temperature difference o was taken as 5 C. It was assumed that a water cooling system was used with cooling water ooo entering the condenser at 21 C (65 F) and incurring a 9 C temperature rise in the condenser in o which the pinch point temperature difference was taken as 4 C. The working fluid was assumed to be refrigerant 245fa. The results of the study showed that the ORC system would operate with an optimum output o when the fluid enters the expander 80% dry at a temperature of 75 C and leaves it as wet vapour, o 90% dry, at 34 C. A standard 159 mm diameter oil injected screw compressor, modified to act as an expander and directly coupled to a generator rotating at 3600 rpm would then develop a gross electrical power output of 25 kWe with an expander adiabatic efficiency of 78%.PDF Image | COST EFFECTIVE SMALL SCALE ORC SYSTEMS
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