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DEMONSTRATION UNIT Although most of the novel features, described in this paper, have been validated experimentally on different occasions, they were never included, together, in a single unit. A demonstration unit was therefore designed, which incorporated all of them. The application was to produce net oo output from a flow of hot water at only 90 C with a cooling water supply at 15 C, using R124 as the working fluid. For this purpose, a standard oil flooded air compressor, with āNā profile rotors, of which the male rotor diameter was 102 mm, was adapted to operate in the expander mode. In this case, for flexibility of testing, the machine was coupled to a generator, rotating at 1800 rpm, using a vee belt drive. A photograph of the demonstration unit is shown in Fig 9. Preliminary tests showed that the machine ran smoothly and quietly with process fluid lubrication, as described. After strip examination, oil was found to have accumulated in the bearing housings and, due to wet vapour admission, traces of oil were found at the high pressure inlet port with the rotors uniformly covered with a film of oil. Thus, the predicted behaviour of the lubrication system was fully realized. Initial performance tests then showed that the expander generated approximately 22 kW of shaft power with an adiabatic efficiency of 74%, when admitting vapour with an inlet dryness fraction of 0.95. This agreed well with expander performance predictions obtained from simulation studies, using proprietary screw machine design software, developed over a period of more than 25 years (10,11). . COST ESTIMATES Fig 9 ORC Demonstration Unit Based on the results obtained so far from this machine, it is estimated that units of this size can be built and installed for a total cost in the range of $1,500 to $2,000/kWe, depending on size if water cooled, and about $2,500/kWe when air cooled. These figures were compared with costs quoted for a 200 kW turbine driven unit, developed from a reversed air conditioning system (1,2)PDF Image | COST EFFECTIVE SMALL SCALE ORC SYSTEMS
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