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were performed on dry ?uid and then samples containing water. These data are set forth in the preceding Table I. It will be noted that these data show that the ?uorine containing additive signi?cantly reduced the damage re sulting from cavitation in the phosphate ?uids. Note that the dry ?uid produced a weight loss of 15.6 mg., water, a damage-reducing additive employed in commercial ?uid, reduced the loss to only 12.9 mg, while the more effective of the ?uorine-containing materials reduced the loss to almost zero. The high boiling tetrachloro-substituted mate rial in Experiment 11 was relatively ine?ective in reducing damage. EXAMPLE II Thin ?lm cavitation erosion test with variety of functional ?uids One of the most effective of the anticavitation erosion additives, dichlorodi?uoromethane, was tested in a num ber of typical functional ?uids. The identity of the ?uids is as follows: 8 damage, about 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of a halocar bon containing only halogen atoms and from 1 to 6 car bon atoms and boiling below 50° C., wherein the halogen substituents on said halocarbons are chlorine, bromine or ?uorine or combinations thereof. 2. The ?uid of claim 1, in which the ?uid base is a phosphate ester. 3. The ?uid of claim 2, in which the phosphate ester is a mixed alkyl-aryl phosphate ester. 4. The ?uid of claim 1, in which the additive is a halogensubstitutedper?uorocarbon. 5. The ?uid of claim 4, in which the halogen substituted per?uorocarbon isdichlorodi?uoromethane. 6. The ?uid of claim 4, in which the halogen substi tuted per?uorocarbon ischloroper?uoroethane. 7. A method of inhibiting cavitation damage to a hy draulic system utilizing a hydraulic ?uid consisting essen tially of a major portion of a ?uid base selected from the group consisting of an ester or amide of a phosphorus acid, a mineral oil, a silicate ester, a silicone, a polyphenyl ether, and a carboxylate ester, which method comprises main taining in said hydraulic ?uid by addition about 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of a halocarbon containing only halogen atoms and from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and boiling below 50° C., wherein the halogen substituents on said halocarbon are chlorine, bromine or ?uorine or combina tionsthereof. 8. The method of claim 7 in which the hydraulic ?uid is an ester of a phosphorus acid. 9. The method of claim 8 in which the hydraulic ?uid is a phosphate ester. 10. The method of claim 9 in which the hydraulic ?uid isa mixed alkyl-aryl phosphate ester. Type . Mineral oil “.410... ._d0___ Use _ Gas engine oil. II. Diesel oil. _.. Aircraft hydraulic ?uid. __ _.. Silicate ester. ..._ _.. High-temperature hydraulic ?uid. The tests were run under conditions substantially the same as those described in Example I. Iron and copper specimens were employed and in each case the additive was added by bubbling the gas through the base oil for 30 a period of ?ve minutes at 100° F. Bubbling at the rate of 3 bubbles per second was continued throughout the test in order to assure saturation of the ?uid. The test re sults are set forth in the following table: TABLE II.—~TIIIN FILM ("AVITATION TESTS EMPLOYING DICIILORO DIFLL'URUMETHANE 1N VARIOUS BASES Additive None. Yes. None. Yes__ None". Yes__._ None.._ Yes __________________ "no..." Time of run ilioursl 3 3 3 3 0. 5 0.5 0.5 0. 5 loss (n1gs.) Damage 0.5 Medium pitting. 0.1 Slightpitting. 1.1 Medium pitting. Metal used ._ Cast iron. ' _... _...._ ....... , _ These data show that although the ?uids employed in theabsenceofanadditivecausedconsiderablylesscavita- . ?uidisdibutylphenylphosphate. tion damage than the phosphate ?uids, the substituted ?uorocarbon was equally as effective in reducing the amount of damage. _ The additives are those effective in preventtng cavttatton damage in numerous applications. Such damage rises not . only in hydraulic systems, but in almost any system in which a liquid is pumped under considerable pressure. In addition to the cavitation erosion inhibitors of this invention, the functional ?uids, dependent of the partic ular use in which the ?uid is employed, may contain a 60 variety of additional conventional additives such as oxida tion inhibitors, detergents, or dispersants. sludge in hibitors, pour depressants, V.I. improvers, rust inhibitors, oiliness agents, wear inhibitors, antifoaming agents, dyes, etc. We claim: 1. A power transmission ?uid consisting essentially of a major portion of a ?uid base selected from the group consisting of an ester or amide of a phosphorus acid, a silicate ester, a silicone, a polyphenyl ether, and a carbox ylate ester and having a tendency to cause cavitation ero sion damage, and as an additive effective in reducing such References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES “The Electrochemical Approach to Cavitation Damage and Its Prevention,” H. S. Preiser and B. H. Tytell (1961), vol. 17, “Corrosion,” pp. 535T-541T. “Cavitational Erosion and Means for Its Prevention,” I. N. Bogachev and R. I. Mints—U.S, Clearing House. LEON D.ROSDOL, PrimaryExaminer D. SILVERSTEIN, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 252-499, 54.6,59,389 3,591,506 Result Wt. 0 3.6 0 l8 0 None. pitted, rough. None. Pittcd,rough. None. 11. The method of claim 10 in which the hydraulic Langenfeld _________ .. 252--—78 Copley ______________ 252———68 Herold ______________ 252-68 3,513,097 2,149,937 3,169,928 3,419,658 12/1968 Sanders _________ 252-—305XR 5/ 1970 3/1939 2/1965PDF Image | FUNCTIONAL FLUIDS CONTAINING HALOCARBONS CAVITATION
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