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1 4,336,039 2 solids, sludge and the like is centrifuged with the water andpasses.throughthewaterturbine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF‘THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1isanelevationofaturbineincorporatingthe '‘ ‘GEO'I‘HERMAII.TURBINE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 'In utilizing geothermal energy for power the main problemisthatthehotpressurizedsteamisaccompa invention; = . . nied by quantities of equally hot pressurized water that cannotbeutilizedefticientlyinasteamturbine.There fore =the.power plant is most ef?cient if the ‘steam and watercanbeseparatedand‘dischargedthroughfdiffen' and. - entturbines designed. particularly for ‘water and steam respectively. The steam and water mixture may“ also carry solids and salts as well as corrosive gases causing excessive wear on the turbines as well as serious corro sion.ofmajorcomponentsofthepowerplant. The radial out?ow turbine, exempli?edlong ago by the Hero engine, in its modern conceptions has the drawbacks of capacity by reason of the limited nozzle near the base of the casing that'connects by a duct 13 with a centrally positioned opening 14 located directly befTohre eaflftecrtniavet‘ivuese.tointthheesHedreovicteysp.e‘ of’turbine/is.'the below the end of“the shaft to discharge into the-water multistageaxial?ow turbine‘.The"requiredsophisti 30 turbinerotor16andthe‘steamturbinerotor18coaxially andgeothermalenergyrequiresseparationofthefluid ., 15 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS ' ‘Referring to the drawings, the turbine is shown as being mounted on a vertical axissoithat the casing 2 is mounted on a base 3 and carries near the top a seal 4 (FIG. 2) surrounding‘the shaft 6 and a bearing 8 above the"seal.‘The generator shaft 10 to which the‘turbine shaft is attached provides a stabilizing bearing, not shown, for stabilizing-the turbine rotor. Alternatively, arrangement,‘andlowef?ciencysincethepowerfluidis acelerated.circumfere'ntial‘ly to the velocity'of“the rotorduringits‘traveloutwardlytothenozzlesandno advantage‘isobtainedfromthisacceleration.Thehigh circumferential‘‘speed needed to obtain effective ef? ciencies in a reaction"turbine results in a high power lossLThesetypes‘ofturbinealsorequireaclean?uidas25 v~Thepo'we‘r‘fluidentersthecasingthroughaninlet12 the power ?uid to avoid damage to :rotor and nozzles, catedinstallationinconjunctionwiththesophisticated turbine causes years of delay'between conception and operation of thistype of turbine in a geothermal power plant.‘Thistypeofturbinehas»theparticularobjection oftheriskofbladingfailuresandoferosionresulting35 axisoftheshaftfor‘fning“theinnerwallandacooperat ing outer wall 24 gradually diverging from the inner wall. This outer wall issupported on the end ofthe shaft trous. ‘ > - . . , . byguidevanesorstruts26.Thisouterwallnearits downstreamv end is nearly perpendicular to the axis of from the contaminated wet»steamfiThe presence of large amounts 'ofwater in such turbines could be disas SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 40 the shaft‘asshown. The‘annular inletpassage thus in converginglslightlyinthedirectionof?ow ofvthe?uid outwardlybetweenthewallstodefineaconverging passage. The outer ends of these two walls are formed to provide betweenthem a row of reaction supersonic nozzles 29. These nozzles are constructed to divert the discharging ?uid in‘a directionwsubstantially tangential The principal featureof the presentinvention is a reaction‘radialout?ow turbine requiring no stator noz zles and having contoured supersonic nozzles and also sodesignedastominimizetangentialaccelerationofthe powert?uidinitsradialmovementtothereactionnoz 45 zles. Another feature is a turbine which is of the ‘type that can operate ef?ciently on steam or a multiphase ?uid. Another feature is the incorporation of- both a steam and a water turbine rotor with an integral separa tor‘that'dividesthesteamandwaterbetweenthetwo 50 totheperiphery‘of‘thewheelaswillbeapparent.One rotors. , , ,. . exampleof'anozzleofthistypeisdescribedinU.S.Pat. According.tothisinvention,‘the’turbinerotor No.3,968,935Q'I‘histypeofnozzlewillpermitefficient through which the .y?uids are discharged is areaction supersonic expansion of steam or ?ashing of boiling type in whichthe periphery of the rotor carries a row of pressurized water. Thus, this nozzle is effective for the contouredsupersonicnozzlescapableofallowingthe55 waterturbinerotorwhetherornotsteamisadmitted hot pressurized water to ?ash into steam. This wheel, or with the water in the rotor. This form of nozzle will be rotor-is‘preferablyiconstructedtoaccommodateeither describedindetaillater. , I water or,steam or a mixture of(both, depending ‘on the e Thepassage20,theinner‘wallofwhichisthesurface proportions of water and steam in the power ?uid. of the cone 22, increases in diameter in the direction of ,A moresophisticatedinstallationisgatwowheelrotor 60 ?uid.?owthereinandtheresultisa‘centrifugaleffecton construction in which thewaterldirscharges through a smaller diameter wheel and ‘the steam discharges through a larger diameter wheel, the rotor having. an integralcentrifugejustupstreamiofthewater‘wheelto the ?uids (and solids) in the ?uid stream. The heavier materials, the water and solids are caused to move by this action in a direction toward the water turbine noz zles as will be apparent. The surface 28 of the water divide the power ?uid ‘into water, which is diverted to 6.5. rotor extends radially inward beyond the imaginary the water wheel, and steam, which passes tothe steam wheel and ‘through the reaction \steam .nozzles. These wheels are coaxiallypositioned‘on the same shaft.Any surfaceformedasanextensionoftheconesuchthatany water and/or solids having a radial component of mo tion established by the conical surface and the direction F IG.>2 isa vertical sectional view through the turbine OfFIG. 1; . 'FIG.'3 is‘a sectional view along line 3—~3 of FIG. 2; FIG. 4isa-secti'onalviewsimilartoFIG. 3ofamodi ?cation. " J theturbinerotor may be overhung from the generator shaft. ‘‘ ‘ ‘ "positioned on the shaft. ‘The water turbine wheel or rotor is below the steam turbine rotor and has its annu lar inlet 20 just‘above the opening 14. The annular inlet passage 20 isdefined by a conical 'end element 22 on the creases in radius in a downstream direction. The opposite wall 28 of this water turbine rotor is alsonearlyperpendiculartotheshaftaxis,thetwowallsPDF Image | Geothermal Turbine 1982
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