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4,336,039 56 The exhaust casing can readily become a barometric condenser providing improved ef?ciency. This isac complishedessentiallybysprayingwaterintothecasing through a series of‘nozzles 56 .positioned in the casing wallanddivertingfluidintothesteamdischargingfrom the periphery of the steam rotor. With such an arrange ment‘and adequate valving in the outlet 58 for the ex haust chamber of the casing, such valving and/or haust chamber is ?ushed out as above described. It is essential to note that in most geothermal installations thegeothermal?uidtobeusedforsupplyingenergyis a fairly uniform mixture of steam, water and solids. The ratioofwatertosteammay varyamong installationsbut in any one installation it is expected that the ratio of water to steam isnearly enough constant so that prop erly sized steam and water rotors based on this ratio will pumpswould,inconjunctionwiththecoolingsprayof ‘operateathighef?ciencyovertherelativelysmall water, lower the pressure in the exhaust chamber well below atmospheric. ‘ ' The outlet 58 is located at the lowest point of the exhaust chamber and desirably slants downwardly therefrom as‘shown to encourage the out?ow of sludge collecting in,the chambers. This sludge may normally be washed out by the’?ow of water from the chamber. The discharge of the sludgemay be encouraged by one or more racks of spray nozzles 60 that will discharge spraysofwaterintothesludgecollectingatthebaseof the chamber and wash italong with the water from the turbineoutofthechamber. I Although the ‘turbine construction is described and shown’ona'vertical'axisitisobviouslywell-adaptedfor operation'onahorizontalaxis.Ineithereventthesolids -changes in ratio that may occur. Although the device is described with two turbine rotors‘in tandem itmay well be desirable in many instal lations to use'only a single rotor. Thus where the ratio is a relatively low proportion of the liquids (and solids) itmay be advantageous to use only a single rotor, allow .ing the small amount of liquid (water) to go through the steam turbine. In this event it would be expected that much of the water would ?ash into steam in passing through the nozzles. Similarly ifwater is the high ratio ?uid and steam is present only in a small amount, the 'single rotor would be sized for a water turbine and the small proportion of steam would pass with the water through this single rotor. It is important to note that in any of these installations, the turbine is desirably a pure carriedwiththe‘waterintothewaterwheelhwillbe25 reactionturbineoftheradialout?owtyperequiringno Washed‘ along with the water through the nozzles and becauseofthevolumeandtemperatureofthewaterand its rate of ?ow, should not ‘be depositeddetrimentally ontherotorl,‘ ..v‘ i, r L r stator vanes and being equipped, as above noted, with supersonic nozzles contoured so as to allow ?ashing of the pressurized water into steam and so as to develop gItisiexpectedthatasthewaterdischargesthroughthe 30 thehighestpossibleef?ciencyintheturbine.An exam nozzles in the ,periphery, of the rotor a ‘signi?cant amountwill ?ash into steam as a ‘result of the rapid reduction‘inpressureasthewaterisdischargedthrough thenozzleandbecauseofthehighpressureandtemper ature of the water upstream of the nozzles. These noz zles are adapted to accommodate this'?ashing into Isteam and there is,no signi?cant loss in efficiency. Inoperation,asthegeothermal?uidentersthedevice itisunderhighpressureandatarhightemperatureand ' consists of water,‘ steam and/or gases and solids (e.g. soil particles and,salts), this mixture being extremely ‘corrosive, erosive and prone to form deposits. This ?uid enters the rotor structure and impinges on the conical end‘.of the shaft. As the solids and water are given a ple of such nozzles is above described. This use in the peripheryofaradialout?ow turbineisnew inthisenvi ronment where the ?ow reaching the nozzles isalmost entirely radial, having no significant tangential motion withintherotor. As shown inFIG. 1,the ef?uent discharging from the casing2throughoutletduct58maybeseparatedintoits gaseous and liquid components in a connecting conduit ‘62 having a branch conduit 64 on the underside thereof. Liquidsandsolidsseparateoutbygravityintheconduit 62 and ?ow down through the branch conduit into a collecting device, not shown. Steam and/or gas from the device discharges through conduit 62 either to a stack or another collector where it may be washed, radial component of motion by this conical surface, 45 condensed or otherwise treated. they continue in such a radial direction as to enter the ‘ water rotor being further radially diverted by thewall 28 of the water wheel to be discharged through the nozzles in the periphery of the wheel. The ?ow in the separator stil has only a small tangential component ?owing in essentially a radial direction so littleenergy is lost by circumferential acceleration. The ?uid ?ows through the nozzles, being accelerated to supersonic velocity, and‘ is discharged in a generally tangential direction for obtaining the greatest possible energy 55 from the ?uid. The remaining ?uid, consisting of steam and gas, not having been diverted into the water rotor, enters the steam rotor and ?ows radially outward in,the rotor to enter and be discharged through the peripheral nozzles, 60 thedischargealsobeinginatangentialdirectionforbest ef?ciency. As in _the water rotor, the ?uid motion withintherotorisalmostentirelyradial,therebeingno structure in the gas path therein to cause any signi?cant tangential or circumferential acceleration. , The exhaust from both rotors is collected in the ex haust chamber and discharged therefrom through the outlet. Any sludge deposited from the ?uids in the ex While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, various modi?cations and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the present inven tion has been described by way of illustration and not limitation. What isclaimed is: 1.A geothermalenergyturbinecomprising: a radial out?ow rotor having ‘contoured opposed walls, said rotor being mounted for rotation about an axis; means for delivering geothermal ?uid to said rotor in a direction of absolute velocity substantially radial with respect to said axis; a plurality of reaction nozzles between said opposed walls,saidnozzlesbeinglocatedinarow around theperipheryofsaidradialout?owrotorandbeing positionedtodischarge?uidssubstantiallytangen tially of the rotor periphery; and curved quide vanes extending inwardly from said nozzles toward said delivering means whereby the ?uid will be restrained from rotation with the ro tor. 65PDF Image | Geothermal Turbine 1982
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