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New development in ORC technology 3 Valdimarsson Therefore this paper will focus on the adaption of the ORC cycle to different boundary conditions – an area where most improvements are likely to happen in the future. 2. RADIAL TURBINES WITH VARIABLE GEOMETRY INLET GUIDE VANES The inlet guide vanes to a turbine stage accelerate the fluid by converting enthalpy into kinetic energy. The velocity of the fluid exiting the guide vanes is thus dependent on the pressure difference over the vanes as well as the inlet pressure, enthalpy and mass flow. The turbine has to run at a fixed rotational speed in order to keep the frequency of the electricity generated constant. This means that if the guide vane exit velocity vector is not exactly at the design value (both size and direction), the angle of attack as the flow meets the leading edge of the rotor blade will not be correct. Variations in this angle of attack lead to losses, and thus a drop in the isentropic efficiency of the turbine. Variations in the flow of the working fluid through the turbine in an ORC power plant are most frequently caused by variations in the amount of geothermal fluid available to the power plant, this can be caused by variations in the flow produced by the wells or because of demand for the geothermal fluid by other processes, such as district heating on a cold day. Variations of the pressure difference over the guide vane stage are most frequently caused by variations of the temperature of the cooling air or water, which in turn will influence the condenser pressure. A radial inflow turbine can be built with inlet guide vanes which can be moved. Such turbine is capable of handling large pressure ratios, so they have only one stage – or only one set of inlet guide vanes. The construction of the Atlas Copco radial inflow turbine is shown on Figure 4. FIGURE 4: Schematic of the Atlas Copco radial ORC turbine The guide vanes are moved in such a way that the flow area between the vanes changes, and work thus similarly to a turbine control valve in an axial turbine. But the difference is that the flow change in thePDF Image | Medium-Enthalpy Geothermal Resources and Financial Aspects
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