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Valdimarsson 4 New development in ORC technology radial turbine is not made by throttling the flow, but by changing the flow area for acceleration of the fluid. The direction of the flow vector is changed at the same time by ingenious design of the guide vane form. A simplified picture of the inlet guide vane system in the Atlas Copco turbine is shown on Figure 5. FIGURE 5: Schematic of the Atlas Copco variable IGV system The result of this is that the turbine is able to maintain high isentropic efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions. This is especially important for power plants with air cooled condensers, where the pressure ratio changes due to air temperature variations. The same applies for cogeneration power plants where the district heating has to get preference during cold days. 3. COGENERATION OF POWER AND DISTRICT HEAT IN AN ORC POWER PLANT An ORC power plant may have residual heat which can be used as a heat source for district heating. Heating of buildings is in fact just to keep the indoor temperature at 20°C, so theoretically it should be sufficient to supply heat at 21°C to the building heated. In reality there are many geothermal district heating systems having supply temperature as low as 50-70°C all year. Most of the buildings in Iceland have district heating supply temperature at or below 80°C all year (Samorka, 2014). The geothermal district heating in China may have supply temperature as low as 50°C. An ORC power plant which has no limitation on the temperature of the geothermal fluid due to scaling or secondary process requirements has frequently highest power production at a return temperature around 70°C. This is of course dependent on the cycle design, but can be taken as a “not unusual” value. It is obvious that if the geothermal fluid can be cooled more, that heat will be free of charge for a district heating network. Therefore the main issue in operating an ORC power plant in cogeneration with a district heating system is how the coupling between the systems can be arranged so that as much as possible of the heat supply to the district heating system is free of charge. It is obvious that the lower the district heating return temperature from the district heating system to the power plant is, the more of the heat needed for reheat will be free of charge. The only way to lower the district heating return temperature is to stimulate the consumers to install large surface radiators, allowing a minimal temperature difference between the indoor air and the return temperature. Usually this has to be done through the tariff system.PDF Image | Medium-Enthalpy Geothermal Resources and Financial Aspects
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