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Pumping Water for Irrigation Using Solar Energy Page 6 Figure 5.The photovoltaic system and its points of power loss. The photovoltaic array with reflectors converted only 11% of the solar energy it received into electrical energy. ETp (Smajstrla et al., 1984). The volume of water which could be pumped through an irrigation system with a total dynamic head of 5m (16ft) using the fluid power generated by the photovoltaic system was divided by the daily ETp. These calculations showed that the photovoltaic system used in this demonstration could replace the daily ETp through the winter vegetable growing season between September and May for 1.42 hectares (3.5 acres) on a soil able to store a seven-day volume of daily ETp at an 80 percent8 probability of success. COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS A comparison was made of the net present value of the costs of irrigation power over a 20-year period using different power sources. The five power sources studied were: 1. 0.3-horsepower electric motor powered by electric grid with a mainline available, Figure 7.A very cloudy day in which the system pumped only 1,655 gallons of water. 2. 0.3-horsepower electric motor powered by electric grid when a 2-mile mainline must be installed, 3. 3-horsepower gasoline engine (smallest available), 4. 5-horsepower diesel engine (smallest available), 5. 0.5-horsepower photovoltaic power system. Figure 8a is a graphical representation of the change in the 20-year net present cost of each power supply as the size of the irrigated land area increases. It shows that at 1989 prices, photovoltaic power is competitive for irrigated land areas of less than 1.5 ha (3.7 ac) with diesel power and electric grid power when mainline installation is required of more than two miles to reach the site of energy application. For irrigated land areas greater than this, the current cost of photovoltaic power is prohibitive. Figure 6.On an almost cloudless day, the array received almost 900 watt/m2 for 7 straight hours. The system pumped 20,180 gallons of water to a height of 2.44 m (8 ft.).PDF Image | Pumping Water for Irrigation Using Solar Energy
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