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5 soiling, and so forth. However, when working with fabrics, a typical exposure time to the ?rst ?uid is be tween about 1 to l20 minutes, more preferably about 10 to 60 minutes. In addition, the articles being cleaned may be agitated or tumbled inorder to increase cleaning ef?ciency. Of course, for delicate items, such as elec tronic components, agitation may not be recommended. 6 with a hygroscopic ?uid to aid in the removal of water from the fabric. The second ?uid (compressed gas) is then pumped into the chamber at the same pressure and temperature as the ?rst ?uid. The second ?uid displaces the ?rst ?uid in this step. Once the ?rst ?uid has been ?ushed, the chamber can then be decompressed and the vessel as itisbeing replaced by the compressed gas, the CO2 isdrained from the cleaning vessel into the vapor izer vessel 11 which is equipped with an internal heat exchanger 40. The cleaning vessel is drained through 5,267,455 In accordance with the invention, the ?rst ?uid is replaced with a second ?uid that is a compressed gas, such as compressed air or compressed nitrogen. By “compressed” ismeant that the second ?uid (gas) isin a condition at a lower density than the ?rst ?uid but at a pressureaboveatmospheric.Thenon-polar?rst?uid, lines87,89,91,and88bypump20therebyrecovering such as carbon dioxide, is typically and preferably re placed with a non-polar second ?uid, such as nitrogen or air. Thus, the ?rst ?uid isremoved from contact with the substrate and replaced with a second ?uid, which is a compressed gas. This removal and replacement pref erablyisbyusingthesecond?uidtodisplacethe?rst activatedcharcoalin?lters50andthereaftercondens ?uid,sothatthesecond?uidisinterposedbetweenthe20 ingthecleangaseousCO2bycondenser31sothatthe substrateandtheseparatecontaminant,whichassistsin retarding redeposition of the contaminant on the sub strate.The second ?uid thuscan be viewed asapurge gas, and the preferred compressed nitrogen or com pressed air is believed to diffuse more slowly than the 25 densi?ed ?rst ?uid, such as densi?ed carbon dioxide. The slowerdiffusionrateisbelievedusefulinavoiding or reducing damage to permeable polymeric materials (such as buttons) that otherwise tends to occur. How ever, the ?rst ?uid could be removed from contact with the substrate, such as by venting, and then the second ?uid simply introduced. This alternative is a less pre ferred manner of practicing the invention. recoveredCO2 reentersthestoragevesselforlateruse. Soil, water, additives, and other residues are periodi callyremovedfromthevaporizervesselthroughvalve 66. Referring to FIG. 2 isa cross-sectional diagrammatic view of a cleaning vessel that is particularly suited for cleaningfabricsubstrates(e.g.,clothing)withsupercrit ical C02. The cleaning vessel comprises an outer cham ber 100 having gaseous CO2 inletand outletports 101 and 102, compressed gas (e.g. air) inlet and outlet ports 103 and 104, and liquid CO; inlet and outlet ports 105 and 106. Although the gaseous CO2, compressed gas, and liquid CO2, each have separate inlet and outlet ports, the cleaning vessel may instead have one port for Most preferably, the second ?uid is compressed to a valueaboutequaltoP1atatemperatureT}asitdis 35 bothinletandoutletfunctionsforeach?uid.Insidethe placesthe?rst?uid.ThispressurevalueofaboutP1/T1 is about equivalent to the pressure and temperature in the chamber as the contaminant separates from the substrate. That is, the value P1 is preferably the ?nal pressure of the ?rst ?uid as it is removed from contact with the substrate. Although the pressure isthus prefer ably held fairly constant, the molar volume can change signi?cantlywhen thechamberthathasbeen?lledwith ?rst ?uid is purged with the compressed second ?uid. chamberisbasketordrum 110thatissupportedbytwo sets of rollers 111 and 111a. The basket has perforations 130sothatgaseousandliquidCO1canreadilyenterand exit the basket. Vanes 112 creates a tumbling action when the drum is spun. Substrates to be cleaned are placed into the basket through an opening in the cham ber which issealed by hinged door 113 when the clean ingvesselisinuse.Situatedalongtheperimeterofouter chamber ar'e coils 114 through which coolant or heating Thetimethesubstratebeingcleanedwillvaryac 45 ?uidcanbecirculated.Thedruminbasket110isadvan cording to various factors when contacting with the ?rst ?uid, and so also will the time for contacting with the second ?uid vary. In general, when cleaning fabrics, a preferred contacting time will range from 1 to 120 minutes, more preferably from 10 to 60 minutes. Again, the articles being cleaned may be agitated or tumbled while they are in contact with the second ?uid to in crease ef?ciency. Preferred values of P1/T1 are about 800 to 5000 psi at 0° C. to 100° C., more preferably about 1000 to 2500 psi at 20° C. to 60° C. 55 tageous at exposing greater surface area of fabric sub strates to the dense ?uid and may also contribute to some mechanical partitioning of soil from fabric. Also, in case there is an interface or density gradient estab lished in the chamber, rotation of the drum can “cycle” the fabrics causing partitioning of soils from fabrics. Additionally, the dense gas can advantageously be sepa rated or driven off from the fabric by the rotational action of the drum. The basket is magnetically coupled to an motor 120, which is preferably electric, so that the basket can be rotated. Other motive means for driving the basket are possible Speci?cally, the inner basket is attached to a platform member 121 resting rotatably on ball bearings Stained and soiled garments can be pretreated with a formula designed to work in conjunction with CO2. This pretreatment may include a bleach and activator and/or the synergistic cleaning adjunct The garments arethenplacedintothecleaningchamber.Asanalter 60 122,anddrivedisk123.Theplatformanddrivediskare nate method, the pretreatment may be sprayed onto the garmentsaftertheyareplacedinthechamber,butprior to the addition of C02. rotationally coupled by magnets 124 which are ar ranged, in suitable number, symmetrically around the circumference of each. The drive disk iscoupled to the motor by belt 125 and pulley 126 or other appropriate The chamber is ?lled with CO2 and programmed through the appropriate pressure and temperature 65 means. When the basket ismagnetically coupled to a cleaning pathway. Other cleaning adjuncts can be added during this procedure to improve cleaning. The CO; in the cleaning chamber isthen placed into contact motor, the basket can advantageously be sealed from the external environment with no loss of sealing integ rity since drive shafts and other drive means which clean garments can be removed. InordertorecyclemostoftheCO;fromthecleaning gaseous CO; at a pressure of approximately 200 psi. During the recovery process, the cleaning vessel is simultaneously heated; unrecovered CO2 is vented to atmosphere From the vaporizer vessel, CO2 iscontinu ously repuri?ed by stripping the gaseous CO; withPDF Image | SUPERCRITICALCARBON DIOXIDE DRY CLEANING SYSTEM
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