PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 010
Itmay be seen from FIG. 2 thatA:H'"J>AH1'A. The differenceiscausedbytherealworking‘fluidproperties which produce a minimum enthalpy difference in the recuperativeheat exchange process even though the process minimum temperature difference isreduced to, zerointheidealcase.Thisdifferenceiscalledtheideal pinch enthalpydifference in the rec'uperator (Al-1B,) 6 ‘EL?mechanicalloses QL = external thermal losses and 10131”, and 1m are ,theefficienciesoftheturbine,pump andrecupera torsystemsrespectively.Intherealcycle,theval 'wuesofAH“ vandvAl-lmareevaluatedconsidering 'the pressure losses which occur in the cycle. Since pressures P22’> P24 and P25 > PM itfollows that _P22/P21> P24/P2s- I The values of ef?ciency which are ascribed to the turbineandpumpsystemscanbeobtainedfromempir ically derived curves which describe the ef?ciency as a functionoftheSpecificspeedoftheturbomachine.The speci?c speed NS isde?ned as W? NS= (AHAW, , l. andAH"maybeexpressedas Substituting for AH” in the previous‘e‘quatlioI.n, c. D" Also 20 and is the most powerful of the several parameters which influence the performance of turbomachines. The efficiency of the recuperator can be defined as wherethede?nitionofAH,"andAHRcanbereadily interpreted from FIG. 2. In a‘practical heat exchanger ATR > 0. _ I' ' The speci?c output of the cycle is therefore As'with other power conversion cycles, the basic Feher Cycle processes may be modified in order to achievesystemperformanceoroperationalcharacter isticsthat have specific advantages for.speci?c applica tions. For example, the pumping process may be di 1”“ gt-‘= AH" +-AH,,, — 25 I! .' ‘ |_ Mu 'AH‘—AH. AH' =__.IA__...._LA_-= ____-u cycle?uid?ow rateisgivenby w = I x Constant '‘ ' ' l+ An,“ AH” , (AH-r;—-AH”) XConstant 25 This expressionv has the basic units of energy per unit mass,equivalenttopower outputperunitof?ow rate. For a given cycle power output rate 15,the required Itisevidentthatthesebasiccycleparametersdepend only upon the working ?uid enthalpy properties and 35 that the de?nition of these properties in terms‘ of tem peratureandpressureisessentialtocorrect-estimation of cycle perfonnance. ‘ 1 i " .These above equations form the basis'of all basic supercritical cycle and engine system performance estimates which follow. _ , 3,971,211 '30 Of course, the real cycle?must be a modi?cation of theidealcycle.The modi?cationisrequiredinorderto 40 engineer the system to meet the needs of'a'specific application,1'and to-allow for the actual component efficiencies which can be achieved, the parasitic losses such as friction pressure losses due to ?uid ?ow, and the bearing leakage ?ow and temperatureedifference 45 vided into two or more stages with intercooling be losses which accrue from the reduction of the cycle to practical machinery. An. engine system also has addi tional losses due to the power requirements of subsys tems and external thermal losses. The‘performanceestimationforarealcyclefollows 50 grossworkoutput.Inthesupercriticalcycle,thepump identically the same procedure used for the ideal cycle. Hence, - However,Wu andW“ arenotnecessarilyequal.due.to leakage~?ows,and‘ ‘ ' - 4 1 I . . work is characteristically small unless the application demands ahighpump inlettemperaturesuchaswhen .warmambient air is used as the cold sink. In‘ most cases,itcanbeshownthatpump intercoolingimproves thecycle‘performancebyarelativelysmallamountand .turbine interstage reheating isa more productive modi ?cation, although the characteristically small turbine ‘overall pressure ratio restrains the performance im provements to quite modest proportions. A reviewofthebasicFeherCycleef?ciencycompu tationrevealsthatthelargestportionoftheheatthatis rejectedfromthecycleisattributabletotheinabilityof the recuperator to recover more thermal energy from the turbine exhaust stream. Even ifa minimum temper 65 aturedifferenceofzeroisassumed,‘theunrecoverable ‘energy is of the same order as the turbine work for a typical cycle. It is evident that cycle modi?cations ca tween stages to reduce the required;cycle pumping work.Inasimilarfashion,thepowerproducingexpan sion process may be divided into two or more stages with reheating between stages to increase theturbinePDF Image | THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES WITH SCO2 CYCLE TOPPING
PDF Search Title:
THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES WITH SCO2 CYCLE TOPPINGOriginal File Name Searched:
US3971211.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |