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3,971,211 9 10 turbine 65 and thus producing the capacity for addi tional output from the generator 66. The heat for the primary heat exchangers 92 and 124 in the machine 74 isprovided by a gas turbine machine 130 which is similar to but more complex than the gas turbine machine 32 of FIG. 3. In the machine 130, ambient airiscompressed by a compressor 132 and fed through regenerators 134 and 136 so that the heat content and temperature thereof is raised. The heated air output of the regenerator 134 is then fed to a com A similar Feher Cycle topping gas turbine machine 74 is shown in FIG. 5 wherein the Feher Cycle is of the split low pressure ?ow type. The temperature versus entropy diagram for the Feher Cycle isshown in FIG. 6. The split?ow Feher Cycle 76 isessentially two super imposed supercritical cycles having identical upper pressurelevels78butdifferentlowpressurelevels80' bustor138whereitismixedwithfuelandburned.The and 82. The fullcycle ?ow isexpanded through a pump driv ing turbine 84 and a ?rst power turbine 86 which pro vides shaft power to drive an electrical generator 87. This expansion isshown between points 88 and 90 on FIG. 6. A portion of the ?ow is then reheated in a primary heat exchanger 92 before a good expansion in a second power turbine 94 which may drive generator 87 or the separate generator 95 shown. The reheating is exhaust products from the combustor 138 are fed to the primary heat exchangers 92 and 124 where a por tion of the heat content thereof is transferred into the Feher Cycle machine 76. The cooled but stil hot ex haust products exiting from the primary heat exchang ers 92 and 124 can then be fed to afterburners 140 and 142, respectively. Two afterburners are needed be cause of the different ?ow rates and temperatures of thecombustiongasesexitingtheprimaryheatexchang ers 92 and 124. The hot exhaust products fed to the shown between points 90 and 96 while the second expansionisshownbetweenpoints96and98ofFIG.6.20 afterburner140aremixedwiththeheatedairoutputof The working ?uid then ?ows to an unequal ?ow recu perator 100 where itiscooled from the temperature at point 98 to the temperature at point 102. The portion the regenerator 136 and fuel and further burned to raise the temperature and heat content thereof. The output of the primary heat exchanger 124 isalso mixed with heated air from the regenerator 134 and fuel and ofthe?owwhichdidnotpassthroughtheprimaryheat25 thenburnedintheafterburner142.Thenowreheated exchanger92isalsofedtoanunequal?ow recuperator 104whichcoolstheworking?uid?owingtherethrough from the temperature at point 90 to the temperature at point 106. The total high pressure ?ow passes through the high pressure sides of the two recuperators 100 and 104 which are in series. Therefore, the high pressure ?ow isequaltothetotalflowonthelowpressuresides of the recuperators 100 and 104 but the ?ow ratio within each recuperator is unbalanced. The recupera tor100whichhasthelowestpressure?owwillhavean 35 Theexpandedgaseshavingpassedthroughtheturbine unbalance such that the high pressure ?ow rate is greaterthanthelowpressure?ow rate.Inthismanner itispossibletoobtainasigni?cantincreaseinrecuper ator thermal efficiency and hence, an improved ther mal cycle. 40 144 are transmitted to the regenerators 134 and 136 where their heat content is transferred in part to the incoming compressed air to further cool the exhaust products before they are released into the atmosphere. The machines of FIGS. 3 and 5 show that gas turbine technology can be combined with Feher Cycle technol ogy to result in a combined machine which has advan tages that neither has alone. As will be shown hereinaf ter,‘in certain instances itisalso advantageous to com bine a Feher Cycle machine with a steam turbine ma chine. This is shown in FIG. 7 where the machine 150 includes a post heat Feher Cycle 152 and a supplemen tary ?red steam turbine machine 154 which includes a process steam output 156. The post heat machine 152 Once the working ?uid has leftthe low pressure sides of the recuperators 100 and 104 itisfed respectively to secondary heat exchangers 108 and 110 where it is cooled to the temperatures indicated at points 112 and 114 respectively. The ?uid ?owing out of the secon daryheatexchanger108iscompressedbyapump 116 until its pressure is equal to that of the working ?uid exiting the other secondary heat exchanger 110. From there the total ?ow isfurther compressed by pump 118. Bothpumps116and118areshownbeingdrivenbythe50 likethesplit?owmachine76isamodi?cationofthe pump turbine 84, however, two pump turbines can be usedifitisdesiredtorunthepumps atdifferentspeeds. The netresultofthetwo pumps 116 and.1l8 istoraise the pressure of the working ?uid up to pressure 78 for passage through the two recuperators 104 and 100 55 the high pressure working ?uid leaves the hot high where its temperature is raised from that at point 120 to point 122. The full cycle ?ow is then heated from point 122 to 88 in another primary heat exchanger 124 whose outlet is connected to the inlet of the pump turbine84discussedabove. pressure end 163 of the recuperator 164 where the working ?uid is at point 158. The turbine 162 is the power output for the cycle and provides shaft power for driving means like generator 165. From the power 60 turbine162theworking?uidisconductedtothepri mary heat exchanger 166, at the greatly reduced pres sure as shown by point 160 which is well below the maximum cycle pressure shown by the isobar 168. The primary heat exchanger 166 raises the temperature of The split low pressure ?ow cycle has a signi?cant increase in recuperator thermal recovery and hence and improved thermal efficiency over that of the basic Feher Cycle. However it does have the disadvantage thatthespeci?cpoweroutputperunitofworking?uid 65 theworking?uiduptothatshownbypoint170.The isinferior to that of the basic cycle operating between heated working ?uid is then transmitted to the pump the same maximum and minimum pressures and tem turbine 172 which expands it down to pressure and peratures. temperature indicated at point 174. The ?uid is then exhaust products from the afterburners 140 and 142 are then fed to a power turbine 144 which drives the compressor 132 and produces shaft power to drive means such as the generator 146 to produce electrical energy. The afterburners 140 and 142 are also used as control devices so that the Feher Cycle machine 76 can be operated at its optimum ?ow rate and yet the total machine 74 can produce a variable amount of electri cal energy by varying the output of the generator 146. basic Feher Cycle. The temperature versus entropy diagram forthemachine 152 isshown inFIG. 8.The primary power expansion (between points 158 and 160) in the turbine 162 takes place immediately afterPDF Image | THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES WITH SCO2 CYCLE TOPPING
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