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11 fed to the low pressure side of the recuperator 164 for 12 the power output of the steam turbine machine 194 when desired. The spent steam and the power turbine 194 and, perhaps, some portion of the process steam is then passed through a condenser 202 to cool, and liq uify the steam into water. The pressure of the cool water isthereafter raised by a pump 204 which pumps it through the Feher Cycle secondary heat exchanger 3,971,211 the transferring of heat to the high pressure side, the ?uid exiting the low pressure side is cooled to point 176. THe ?uid isthen further cooled by a secondary heat exchanger 178 which cools it to point 180 at which point the ?uid is at relatively low temperatures but high density. A pump 182 driven by the pump turbine172isthenusedtocompressthe?uiduptothe 3178whichutilizesthewatertocooltheCO2inthe pressure indicated by the isobar 168 and the tempera tureindicatedbypoint.184whereinitisagainpassedto the high pressure side of the recuperator 164 for con tinuation of the cycle. It should be noted that second expansion takes place between points 170 and 174 aftertheheatingprocessintheprimaryheatexchanger 166 but it is of relatively small proportions. Therefore, the low pressure ?ow in the recuperator 164 which is cooled from point 174 to point 176 is hotter at the low pressure inlet 186 thereof than would be the case ifthe unmodi?ed cycle of FIG. 3 were used with a given cyclemaximumtemperature.However,therelatively20 low pressure level alleviates the tube material strength requirements considerably for the primary heat ex changer 166 and is advantageous in some instances. The thermal e?iciency and the speci?c power output characteristics of the machine 152 are poorer than 25 those of the equivalent basic cycle of FIG. 3 due to the lower temperature level at which the main expansion in the power turbine 162 takes place. However, given the right set of circumstances the advantages of ease of construction of the primary heat exchange 166 can make the overall system more advantageous. Feher Cycle machine 152 while heating the water in the steam turbine machine 154 and therefore acting as a feed water heater. The feed water is fed to the main boiler 192 and the optional low pressure boiler 198 for conversion into steam. The previous binary systems of FIGS. 3, 5 and 7 show that the Feher Cycle with its various modi?cations are advantageous in the topping of a gas turbine or steam turbine cycle. FIG. 9 discloses a tertiary thermody namic machine 210 which includes a recompression Feher Cycle machine 212, an afterburning recuperated gasturbine214,andasupplementary?redsteamtur bine machine 216. The temperature versus entropy diagram for the recompression Feher Cycle machine 212 isshown inFIG. 10. The name “recompression” implies that a part of the working ?uid that leaves the low pressure exit 217 of the Feher Cycle recuperator 218 is directly recom pressed to join the high pressure working ?uid stream partway through the recuperator 218..»The thermody namic condition of the working ?uid that does leave the low pressure side of the recuperator 218 is indi cated by point 220 in FIG. 10. As shown, a portion of the ?uid ispassed to a secondary heat exchanger 222 so that its temperature is reduced to that indicated by point 224. Since the secondary heat exchanger 222 isin As aforesaid the Feher Cycle machine 152 tops a steam turbine machine 154. The 150 includes a pri mary combustor 188 which isfed preheated airfrom an air preheater 190 and fuel which are burned therein. 35 fact used as a feed water heater for the steam turbine The exhaust products of the primary combustor 188 are the heat source for the primary heat exchanger 166 of the Feher Cycle machine 152. Once the exhaust products have passed through the primary heat ex changer 166 where they are cooled, they stil have a high temperature due to the character of the Feher Cycle primary heat exchanger 166 as discussed above. They are therefore fed to a main boiler 192 where they are used to generate the steam for driving a steam turbine194anditsassociatedmechanicalenergycon 45 version means generator 196. Since itisdesired to feed high quality steam to the turbine 194, the exhaust gases out of the main boiler 192 stil contain considerable heat and can be used to ?re a low pressure boiler such as the boiler 198 shown. The optional low pressure boiler 198 can be used to generate processed steam for the processed steam unit 156. Whether or not a low pressure boiler 198 is used, the exhaust products can then be passed through the optional air preheater 190 beforetheyare?nallyreleasedupthestack.Itshould55 be realized that both the preheater 190 and the low pressure boiler 198 are optional features included to more effectively use the heat content of the combus tion gases. Since the heat content of the combustion gases may be less than that desired after passing through the primary heat exchanger 166, a supplemen tary combustor 200 can be provided to burn fuel and the preheated air for supply directly to the main boiler 192. The supplementary combustor 200 enables a mea sure of control to the complete machine 150 since the 65 Feher Cycle machine 152 then can always be operated at its maximum ef?ciency while the supplementary combustor 200 generates additional heat to increase machine 216, itispossible that the working ?uid in the Feher Cycle machine 212 isnot suf?ciently cooled in the secondary heat exchanger 222 so an optional sec ondary heat exchanger 226 can be provided down stream of exchanger 222 to assure that the working ?uid reaches the condition of point 224. The working ?uidisthencompressedbyapump 228tothetempera ture and pressure indicated by point 230 before being passed to the high pressure side of the recuperator 218 forreheating.Theportionofthe?uidleavingthelow pressure side of the heat exchanger 218 which was not passed to the secondary heat exchanger 222 isfed to a compressor 232 which raises itspressure and tempera ture from point 220 to point 234. This working ?uid is then combined at a junction 235 in the high pressure side of the recuperator 218 with the partially heated ?uid from the pump 228 which has been heated to the temperature indicated by point 234. The combined ?ow ofthehighpressuresideexit237 oftherecupera tor218,heatedtothetemperatureindicatedbypoint 236, is conducted to the primary heat exchanger 238 where its temperature is raised to that indicated at point 240 by the introduction of more heat from the combustion gases of the gas turbine machine 214. The heated high pressure working ?uid is thereafter ex panded in a turbine 242 which drives the pump 228 and a turbine 244 which drives the compressor 232 before being passed to the power output turbine 246 where the working ?uid is reduced in pressure and is at the temperature indicated by point 248 in FIG. 10. The turbine 246 provides the work output for the cycle and isshown driving an electrical generator 249. The work ing ?uid is then conducted back to the low pressurePDF Image | THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES WITH SCO2 CYCLE TOPPING
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