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VISCOSITY AND DENSITY OF CUO NANOLUBRICANT

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VISCOSITY AND DENSITY OF CUO NANOLUBRICANT ( viscosity-and-density-cuo-nanolubricant )

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Paper No. IIR-177 Table2.Linearfitofdensitywithrespecttotemperature: ρ-1[m3ikg-1]=B +BT[K] p01 Fitting Constant B0 B1 RL68H 0.7979 x 10-03 0.7647 x 10-06 xm =2.9% 0.7794 x 10-03 0.7425 x 10-06 xm =5.6% 0.7611 x 10-03 0.7232 x 10-06 xm =39.2% 0.5368 x 10-03 0.4992 x 10-06 Figure 2 shows deviation between the measured density and the linear fits of the density (ρp) as given in Table 2 for all of the fluids. As shown in the plot, the residuals are all within ± 0.6 % for all of the fluids. Although it is not easily seen in Fig. 3 because of the scale, the residuals increase with nanoparticle mass fraction being ± 0.02 %, ± 0.03 %, and ± 0.04 % for the 0 %, 3 %, and 5.8 % mass fractions, respectively. As explained above, the variation is likely due to small variations in the mass fraction that occurred between measurement runs with larger variations occurring at larger mass fraction. Comparison of the nanolubricant density measurements to the recommended mixture equation for suspensions (Wasp et al., 1977): 1 =xm +1−xm ρm ρs ρL (1) results in an overpredition of the mixture density by approximately 0.2 % and 1.5 % for mass fractions less than and greater than 40 %, respectively, when a CuO density3 of 6310 kg·m-3 was used for the density of the solid nanoparticles (ρs) along with the correlated density values for the pure lubricant (ρL). In addition, Eq. (1) was also used to solve for the density of the CuO nanoparticles for the entire temperature range (288 K to 319 K), which resulted in an average density of 5760 kg·m-3 ± 12 kg·m-3 with random residuals with respect to temperature. The difference in this calculated density and the referenced value of 6310 kg·m-3 brings into question whether it is caused by a nanoscale phenomenon or a bias error in the original Figure 2 Residuals between measured nanolubricant density and linear fit of specific volume for all test fluids 3 http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Copper%28II%29-oxide

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