WHITFIELD GAS TURBINE REGENERATOR

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WHITFIELD GAS TURBINE REGENERATOR ( whitfield-gas-turbine-regenerator )

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3 FIGURE 5isafragmentaryenlargedplanviewofthe matrix under the cross arm seal, taken substantially withinthecircle5ofFIGURE 2. A ment with the axle 25 so that the regenerator 12 is freely ?oating axially and freely pivotal universally with respect to the axis of axle 25, the regenerator being supported axially primarily by the resiliency of the seal and the pres It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and ar rangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying draw ings, since the invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also it is to be understood that the phraseology or termi nology employed herein is ‘for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Referring to the drawings, a speci?c embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by way of example in a gas turbine engine for an automobile vehicle, the engine being shown schematically as a housing 10 having a regenerator chamber 11 containing a rotary counter?ow disc-type regenerator 12. Upper and lower seals 13 and 14 be tween the upper and lower end faces respectively of the regenerator and supporting portions of the housing 10 partition the area of the regenerator into a high pressure sector 15 and a low pressure sector 16. Inasmuch as the speci?c seals employed are not critical to the present invention, the seals are illustrated sche matically. A particular seal suitable for use with the present invention is described in detail in the copending application of Chapman et al., Serial No. 314,318, ?led October 7, 1963. 3,276,515 FIGURE 6 is a schematic representation of the pres suredistributionacrossthecrossarmsealofFIGURE5. suredifferentialofthegasesbeingsealedasdescribed FIGURE 7isaviewsimilartoFIGURE 5,butshowing the cross sectional elongation of the gas passages extend ingcircumferentially. FIGURE 8 is a schematic representation of the pres suredistributionacrossthecrossarmsealofFIGURE7.10overlyingtheregeneratorsector15.Theinletgasesin Basically the seal 13 comprises a diametrically extend ing cross arm portion 13a and a semi-circular peripheral portion 1312 which complete a D-shaped assembly extend ing entirely around the low pressure sector 16. A D shaped supporting portion of the housing It), co-extensive with the D-shaped seal 13 immediately overlies the latter al) of the regenerator and having its resultant exerted gen and comprises a diametrical or cross arm portion 17a and asemicircularperipheralportion17b. Similarlytheseal 14 includes a cross arm portion 14a which cooperates with a semi-circular peripheral portion 14b to enclose the low pressure sector 16, and which cooperates with a semi circular peripheral portion 140 to enclose the high pres suresector15. The?xedsupportofhousingIt)forseal 14 and coextensive therewith comprises a cross arm sup porting portion 18a underlying the seal portions 14a, and anannularsupportingportion18bunderlyingtheperiph 50 foundthatthedesiredelongatedshapeandtheoptimum eral seal portions 14b and 14c. In the present instance the upper seal 13 includes an inner rubbing seal portion in sliding and sealing engage ment with the juxtaposed upper end face of the matrix of regenerator 12. A ?exible diaphragm completes the seal between the inner rubbing portion of seal 13 and sup ports 17a, 17b. Similarly the seal 14 includes an inner rubbing seal portion in sliding and sealing engagement with the juxtaposed lower end face of the regenerator matrix. A ?exiblediaphragmcompletesthesealbetween theinnerrubbingportionofseal14andthesupports18a, 18b. Thus the seals isolate the sectors 15 and 16 from each other and separate the high pressure gases from the low pressure gases to enable an ef?cient ?ow path as de scribedbelow. The regenerator 12 comprises a central hub 19 and an wall thickness for the individual axially extending gas passages of the matrix can be preserved by suitably ar ranging these passages as described below. Referring to FIGURE 3 a significant aspect of the in vention is the structure of the matrix of regenerator 12 comprising thin strips of ?at stock 31 arranged either concentrically or spirally around the hub 19 and spaced radiallybycorrugatedstripstock30. Theseparatecon volutions of the strip 30 comprise generally radially ex tending long sides 30a joined at alternately opposite ends bymeansofshortcurvedends3%. Thecrestofeach short end 30b engages the flat strip stock 30 tangentially andissecuredthereto,asbybrazingat32. Thecurva~ ture of each short end is comparatively shallow and is 65 determinedwithrespecttothebrazingmaterialinorder to draw the latter in its molten state closely into the generally triangular spaces between the ends 30b and strip material 31 by capillary action and form closed axiallyextendingpassages. In the present instance, the latter are approximately .02" wide between juxtaposed sides 30a and approxi mately .12 inch long in the radial dimension. The strip material 30 and 31 comprises stainless steel on the order of approximately two thousandths of an inch thick and extends axially the entire axial length of the regenera annular rim 20 which carries a coaxial annular ring gear 21meshedwithapower-drivenpinion22. Thehub19 in the present instance is tubular and carries a coaxial spherical socket element 23 enclosing a spherical bearing 70 24 so as to complete a ball and socket type universal mounting. Thesphere24hasadiametricalborethrough which extends a ?xed axle shaft 25 having its opposite endssecuredwithinthesupports17aand18a. Thecen tral bore of the sphere 24 is in sliding and bearing engage in the aforesaid Chapman et al. application. Comparatively cool high pressure inlet air or gas is supplied from a suitable compressor via an inlet duct a typical automotive engine enter at approximately 60 p.s.i.a. and at approximately 400‘c F. The inlet gases pass from header 27 axially downwardly in FIGURE 1 through a multitude of small parallel axially extending gas flow passages comprising the matrix of regenerator 12, whereby the inlet gases are preheated to approxi mately1100°F.bythehotregeneratormatrix. There after the preheated inlet air follows a ?ow path indicated schematically by the numeral 28 through a combustion chamber where fuel is added and burned, and thence through the turbine rotor stages to drive the turbine rotors. Thegasesareexhaustedfromtheturbinerotors at approximately 15 p.s.i.a. (atmospheric) and 1200° F. and are conducted upwardly in FIGURE 1 through sector16toexhaustchamber29. Duringtheupward passage of the hot exhaust gases, the regenerator matrix is heated and the exhaust gases are cooled to approxi mately 500° F. whereupon the cool gases are exhausted totheatmosphere. Therotatingregeneratorcontinuously carries the heated portions from the region of sector 16 to the region of sector 15 to preheat the inlet gases and to cool the regenerator. It is apparent from the structure shown that the re generator is subject to numerous forces during operation including a major pressure internal force exerted general ly from left to right in consequence of the pressure dif ferential across the seal, a circumferentially directed fric tional fonce resulting from the frictional drag of the seals 13 and 14 in rubbing contact with rotating end faces 26 into chamber 11 and a high pressure inlet header 27 erally parallel to the cross arm portion of the seal, a driv ing force applied to the regenerator rim 20 by pinion 22, and variously directed thermally induced forces resulting from temperature gradients in the regenerator. These forces reacting through the hub 19 and rim 20 are all carried by the regenerator matrix, and because of the cyclic nature of these forces resulting from the regenera tor rotation, are exceptionally effective in causing fatigue andconsequentrupturingofthematrix. Ithasbeen

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